BDS4 - Special Care Flashcards
Outline the main principles of the biosychosocial model to care?
Acceptance that illness and health are the result of an interaction between biological, psychological and social factors.
Patient centered care is key
Collaberation and sharing of care and resource
Successful and sustainable health system
Social determinants of health.
What are the active barriers to dental care for older people?
Cost and fear of cost
Dental anxiety
Accessibility
Availability
Characteristics of dentist
Outline the financial barriers for patients to dental care?
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Direct - cost of treatment
Indirect - travel cost, carers
Give four barriers to domicilary care.
Orginisational barriers
Physical barriers for patients with reduced mobility
Lack of motivation from care staff for oral health training
Lack of flexible opening times
What barriers are there for oral hygiene in older people?
Lack of knowledge
Refusing care
Facilitators
Training/education
Presence of a dental professional
What barriers are there for treatment of older people?
Lack of facilities
Transportation of patients
Lack of routine and awareness of care home staff
What steps can be taken to promote oral health for older people with limited access to dental care?
Oral health promotion and education
Prevention in primary and secondary care (SDF. FV)
What are the limits to sedation for patients with DFA?
Limited in general dental services
Case complexity
Techniques available
What are some individual-level barriers to mental health?
Feelings of shame, guilt, stigma, helplessness and low self-esteem
Confusion and lack of recall of conversations
Public services perceived as inadequate
What are some orginisational-level barriers to mental health?
Lack of protocols
Lack of staff time
General dentists not willing to treat these patients
Limited specialised expertise in managing individuals with high treatment needs
Discrimination regarding the use of limited resources
What are some policy-level barriers to mental health?
Service organisation with move from institutional to community living
What is oral health literacy?
The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic oral health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.
What are the key barriers to effective communication in dental practice?
Limited time
Financial incentives promoting treatment over prevention
Lack of OHL training
Limited plain-language patient education materials
Patients with low OHL knowledge
What are some individual-level barriers to learning disability?
Lack of consent
Complicating medical histories
Inability to cooperate with treatment
Inability to communicate dental pain
What are some orginisational-level barriers to learning disability?
General dentists not willing to treat these patients
Shortage of specially trained or experienced dental professionals in treating individuals with learning disabilities
What are some policy-level barriers to learning disability?
Service organisation as people with learning disabilities move from institutional to community living
Why should clinical special care dentistry teaching be prioritised?
To reduce inequalities
To provide opportunities to learn, gain confidence, and collaborate
Because upskilling undergraduates means they are more likely to deliver care on graduation
Because confidence and competence enhances patient acceptance
What are some of the factors determining ageing progression?
Accumulation of cellular damage
Internal/external factors
Genetic
Social determinants of health
What is frailty?
A biological syndrome of increased vulnerability resulting from age related decline.
To the extent where the ability to come with every day or acute stressors is compromised.
What issues may frailty present?
Exhaustion
Reduced grip strength
Weight loss
Low activity
Slow gait
What are the main consequences of frailty?
Falls
Immobility
Delirium
Incontinence
Susceptibility to side effects
What is the WHO definition of good mental health?
A state of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to the community.
What are the impacts of poor mental health on oral healthcare?
Less likely to seek treatment
Poorer overall health outcomes
More susceptible to oral disease
Social withdrawal, isolation and low self-esteem
Outline the protective factors to mental health.
Genetic background and upbringing
Personality traits
Social support networks
Reduced inequality
Employment and other purposeful activity
Community factors
Self-esteem, autonomy, and values
Emotional and social literacy
Physical health
