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Gero > Integumentary System Issues for Older Adults > Flashcards

Integumentary System Issues for Older Adults Flashcards

Exam 4 (Final)

1
Q

Introduction

What is skin the most visible indicator for?

A

Skin is the most visible indicator of biologic aging, lifestyle, and environment

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2
Q

Introduction

Processes skin affects include:

A

Thermoregulation

Excretion of metabolic wastes

Protection of underlying structures

Synthesis of vitamin D

Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance

Sensation of pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and temperature

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3
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect the Integumentary System

include what layers?

A

Epidermis:

Dermis:

Subcutaneous tissue and cutaneous nerves:

Nails:

Hair

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4
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect the Integumentary System

Epidermis: What does it serve as? What happens with age?

A

serves as a barrier –with age there is flattening of the dermal-epidermal junction

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5
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect the Integumentary System

Dermis: What is the function of this layer?

A

Dermis: functions—temperature regulation, sensory perception, and nourishment for all skin layers

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6
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect the Integumentary System

Dermis: What happens with age?

A

Dermal thickness diminishes (skin becomes thinner/transparent)

Atrophy of the hair bulbs, sweat and sebaceous glands

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7
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect the Integumentary System

Subcutaneous tissue and cutaneous nerves: functions include:

A

Subcutaneous tissue and cutaneous nerves: functions—

storage of calories,

insulation for body,

and regulation of heat loss

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8
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect the Integumentary System

Nails: What happens with age?

A

become thinner, fragile, brittle, and prone to splitting thickened

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9
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect the Integumentary System

Hair: What happens with age?

A

loss of body hair (trunk, axillae, pubic), graying, and balding

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10
Q

Which is a normal age-related change in the integument?

A. Dermal thickness diminishes
B. Subcutaneous tissue expands
C. Secretion of sebum increases
D. Rate of nail growth intensifies

A

Dermal thickness diminishes

Beginning in early adulthood, dermal thickness gradually diminishes. With increased age, some areas of subcutaneous tissue experience atrophy. Secretion of sebum begins to diminish in the third decade. The rate of nail growth also begins to slow in early adulthood

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11
Q

Risk Factors That Affect Skin Wellness include:

A

Genetic influences

Health behaviors and environmental influences

Sociocultural influences

Medication effects

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12
Q

Risk Factors That Affect Skin Wellness include:

Genetic influences: What?

A

Heredity: development of skin and hair changes

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13
Q

Risk Factors That Affect Skin Wellness include:

Health behaviors and environmental influences: Such as?

A

Smoking, sun exposure, emotional stress, substance or alcohol abuse

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14
Q

Risk Factors That Affect Skin Wellness include:

Sociocultural influences: Such as?

A

Cultural factors, societal attitudes, advertising influences hygiene and skin care

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15
Q

Risk Factors That Affect Skin Wellness include:

Medication effects: Such as?

A

Photosensitivity (intensified response to ultraviolet radiation) *Thiazides, phenothiazines, tetracyclines, amiodarone, and sulfonamides are the medications most often associated with photosensitivity reactions.

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16
Q

Risk Factors That Affect Skin Wellness include:

Medication effects: What kind of meds cause photosensitivity?

A

*Thiazides,

phenothiazines,

tetracyclines,

amiodarone,

and sulfonamides are the medications most often associated with photosensitivity reactions.

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17
Q

Functional Consequences Affecting Skin Wellness

What happens to wound healing with age?

A

Delayed wound healing and increased susceptibility to skin problems

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18
Q

Functional Consequences Affecting Skin Wellness

Delayed wound healing and increased susceptibility to skin problems. What is there an increased risk for?

A

Increased risk for postoperative wound disruption, decreased tensile strength of healing, and increased risk of secondary infections

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19
Q

Functional Consequences Affecting Skin Wellness

Photoaging:

A

premature aging

20
Q

Functional Consequences Affecting Skin Wellness

Comfort and sensation: What happens with age?

A

Dry skin is the most universal complaint,

decline in tactile sensitivity,

effect of thermoregulation

21
Q

Functional Consequences Affecting Skin Wellness

Cosmetic effects include:

A

Cosmetic effects:

paler,

thinner,

more translucent,

irregular pigmentation

22
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

include:

A

Skin tears:

Skin cancer:

23
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

Skin tears: What are they? What is used to classify them?

A

traumatic wounds involving dermis and/or epidermis caused by friction, rubbing, shearing force

Skin tear classification system

24
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

Skin cancer: What is it?

A

abnormal growth of skin cells

25
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

Skin cancer: How does it occur?

A

Age-related changes and long-term sun exposure

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

26
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

Skin cancer:
Nursing prevention of skin cancer:

A

Nursing prevention of skin cancer:

*wear a hat while participating in outdoor activities

*Liberally apply sunscreen to all exposed parts of the body 30 minutes before outdoor activity

*Re-apply sunscreen every 2 hours while doing outdoor activities

27
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

Skin cancer:
Basal Cell Carcinoma: How does it appear? How common is it?

A

This cancer typically appears as a white waxy lump or a brown scaly patch on sun-exposed areas, such as the face and neck.

Very common, more than 3 million cases annually.

28
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

Skin cancer:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Who is it?

A

Squamous cell carcinomas may appear as flat reddish or brownish patches in the skin, often with a rough, scaly, or crusted surface.

29
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

Skin cancer:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: How do they grow?

A

Squamous cell carcinomas may appear as flat reddish or brownish patches in the skin, often with a rough, scaly, or crusted surface.

They tend to grow slowly and usually occur on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the face, ears, neck, lips, and backs of the hands.

30
Q

Pathologic Conditions Affecting Skin: Skin Cancer

Skin cancer:
What is the most serious type of skin cancer?

A

Malignant Melanoma

Most serious type of skin cancer

31
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: What are they?

A

Pressure ulcers: localized injury to skin over bony prominence due to pressure or with shearing

32
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: What is associated with increased risk? What are examples?

A

Various medical devices associated with increased risk for developing pressure ulcers

Masks, orthotics, tubing, immobilizers, stockings, boots, nasogastric tubes, cervical collars or braces, tracheostomy tubes, and ties

33
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: What is there a mandate to do?

A

Mandate to document the presence of any skin breakdown on admission and during hospitalization

34
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: How are they classified?

A

Staging classifications for pressure ulcers: anatomic depth of soft-tissue damage

35
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: What are the stages?

A

Stage 0: normal skin

Stage I: nonblanchable erythema

Stage II: partial thickness

Stage III: full-thickness skin loss

Stage IV: full-thickness tissue loss

Unstageable: full-thickness skin or tissue loss—depth unknown

36
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: Stage 0

A

Stage 0: normal skin

37
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: Stage 1

A

Stage I: nonblanchable erythema

38
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: Stage 2

A

Stage II: partial thickness

39
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: Stage 3

A

Stage III: full-thickness skin loss

40
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: Stage 4

A

Stage IV: full-thickness tissue loss

41
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Pressure ulcers: Unstageable

A

Unstageable: full-thickness skin or tissue loss—depth unknown

42
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

reactive hyperemia: What occurs in this?

A

reactive hyperemia: area has remained red for two hours and does not blanch when tested

43
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Evidence-based tools for identification and risk? What is the scale?

A

Braden scale: best practice <9 very high risk for pressure ulcers

44
Q

Pressure Injury Ulcers

Nursing interventions:

A

Nursing: frequent repositioning of immobilized clients

45
Q

Which nursing intervention acts to promote good skin circulation and prevents pressure ulcers?

A. Application of moisturizing agents at frequent intervals
B. Massage over bony prominences
C. Promotion of shearing forces
D. Utilization of incontinence pads

A

Application of moisturizing agents at frequent intervals

In addition to preventing persistent pressure on the skin, it is important to avoid any friction or shearing forces and to ensure that the skin is free of excess moisture.
The nurse should also promote good skin circulation by applying moisturizing agents at frequent intervals, avoiding massage over bony prominences

Gero (18 decks)

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