Digestion and Nutrition Flashcards
Exam 3
Nutritional Health:
What does a diet help with?
The quality and quantity of a diet will help prevent, delay the onset of, and manage chronic disease processes.
Nutritional Health:
What does proper nutrition help with?
Proper nutrition helps maintain optimal health and wellness.
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
include:
Diminished senses of smell (Hyposmia/Anosmia) and taste (Dysgeusia)
Oral cavity and swallowing
Esophagus and stomach
Intestinal tract
Liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Diminished senses of smell- What is this called?
Diminished senses of smell (Hyposmia/Anosmia)
Anosmia:
The complete inability to detect odors
Hyposmia:
A reduced ability to detect odors
Dysgeusia
a condition in which a foul, salty, rancid, or metallic taste sensation persists in the mouth.
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Diminished senses of smell (Hyposmia/Anosmia) and taste (Dysgeusia): What does this affect?
Affect food enjoyment
Affected by medications and medical conditions
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing: When does digestion begin?
Digestion begins when food enters the mouth
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing: Issues include?
Edentulous( toothless)
Dentures: expensive, not covered by medicare, tend to get lost, need to be resized with a gain/loss of 10lb
Teeth brushing loss of manual dexterity with age
Gum recession
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
Edentulous- What is it?
( toothless)
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
Dentures- What is the problem with it?
Dentures: expensive, not covered by medicare, tend to get lost, need to be resized with a gain/loss of 10lb
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
Teeth brushing- What is the problem with it?
Teeth brushing loss of manual dexterity with age
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
Gum recession: What plays an important role?
Saliva and oral mucosa play important roles
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
Gum recession: What happens with saliva?
decreased saliva production
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
Gum recession: Dry Mouth- What is the term and what occurs?
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)–(Decreased salvation and uncomfortable dry mouth)
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
Gum recession: What has a small effect on mastication and swallowing?
Diminished muscle strength has small effect on mastication and swallowing
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
What musts nurses provide?
Nursing: Adequate oral care –multiple times a day –
Age-Related Changes ThatAffect Digestion and Eating Patterns:
Oral cavity and swallowing:
Why is adequate oral care important?
Adequate oral care is important in the promotion of adequate food intake because it enhances chewing, eating, and swallowing.
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Esophagus and stomach: What phase of digestion is this? What does this do?
Second phase of digestion—propels food
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Esophagus and stomach: What issues can occur with age?
Presbyphagia
Slower emptying of the stomach
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Esophagus and stomach:
Presbyphagia—What is it?
Presbyphagia—age related changes that lead to slowed swallowing mechanism
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Esophagus and stomach:
What is there an increased risk for?
increase the risk of aspiration. Nursing: auscultate the lungs for wet lung sounds, other assessment findings would include drooling, pocketing of food in the mouth, and a wet, gurgle cough, and changes to the voice, such as hoarseness.
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Esophagus and stomach:
Increase the risk of aspiration: What should nurses do?
Nursing: auscultate the lungs for wet lung sounds,
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Esophagus and stomach:
Increase the risk of aspiration: What are other assessment findings by a nurse?
other assessment findings would include drooling, pocketing of food in the mouth, and a wet, gurgle cough, and changes to the voice, such as hoarseness.
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Slower emptying of the stomach- What does this lead to?
Slowing of gastric emptying in older adults after ingestion of large meals leads to early sensations of fullness.
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Slower emptying of the stomach- What is reduced?
Reduced gastric secretions
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Slower emptying of the stomach- What should nurses do?
Nursing: recommend to eat 5 small meals throughout the day.
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Intestinal tract: What occurs here?
Conversion of food to nutrients
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Intestinal tract: What age related change occurs?
*absorption of folate, calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12 (not all the B vitamins) are affected by age related changes in the intestinal track
Age-Related Changes That Affect Digestion and Eating Patterns #2
Intestinal tract: What is chyme?
Chyme—thick fluid mass of partially digested food
Which statement about the sense of taste and the older adult is true?
A. With age there is a loss of the majority of taste buds
B. Age-related changes do not affect taste sensations
C. Older adults are easily able to detect sour, salty, and bitter tastes
D. Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste
D. Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste
Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste:
The ability to taste depends on what?
The ability to taste depends primarily on receptor cells in the taste buds
Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste:
With age, what happens to taste buds?
With age a small number of taste buds are lost beginning around 60 years of age, but it does not affect all flavors equally.
Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste:
The ability to taste depends primarily on receptor cells in the taste buds, which are located where?
The ability to taste depends primarily on receptor cells in the taste buds, which are located on the tongue, palate, and tonsils.
Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste:
Age related changes affect all taste sensations how?
Age-related changes do not affect all taste sensations equally, and
healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste but have more difficulty detecting sour, salty, and bitter tastes.
Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste:
Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect what kind of tastes? What kind of taste do they have difficulty with detecting?
healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste but have more difficulty detecting sour, salty, and bitter tastes.
Age-Related Changes in Nutritional Requirements
Dietary Patterns: What is this?
Dietary Patterns: Combination of food and beverages regularly consumed
Age-Related Changes in Nutritional Requirements
What is required for all physiologic functions?
Water: hydration essential for all physiologic functions
Age-Related Changes in Nutritional Requirements:
What reflex diminishes with age? What does this mean?
*The thirst reflex diminishes with age, and therefore the recognition of the need for fluid is decreased.
Age-Related Changes in Nutritional Requirements:
*The thirst reflex diminishes with age, and therefore the recognition of the need for fluid is decreased.
What does this increase the risk for?
Decreased thirst perception & increase risk for dehydration
Age-Related Changes in Nutritional Requirements
How many calories are needed with age?
Calories: need less quantity, better quality
*Older adults don’t need to take in as many calories as there were used to.
Age-Related Changes in Nutritional Requirements
Generally, older adults have lower energy requirements and need fewer calories why?
Generally, older adults have lower energy requirements and need fewer calories because they may not be as active and metabolic rates decline.
Age-Related Changes in Nutritional Requirements
Generally, older adults have lower energy requirements and need fewer calories because they may not be as active and metabolic rates decline.
How much nutrients are needed?
However, they still require the same or higher levels of nutrients for optimal health outcomes.