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Gero > Chapter 21: Cardiovascular Function > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Cardiovascular Function Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

Cardiovascular system maintains homeostasis how?

A

Cardiovascular system maintains homeostasis by bringing oxygen and nutrients to organs and tissues

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2
Q

Introduction:

What role do nurses have?

A

Nurses have an essential role in addressing risks of cardiovascular disease

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3
Q

Introduction

How can risk factors for cardiovascular disease be reduced?

A

Risk factors can be reduced by lifestyle and medical interventions

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4
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect Cardiovascular Function:

What changes occur?

A

Myocardium and neuroconduction mechanisms

Vasculature

Baroreflex mechanism

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5
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect Cardiovascular Function:

Myocardium and neuroconduction mechanisms: What does this normally do?

A

Ability of the heart to contract

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6
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect Cardiovascular Function:

Vasculature: How many layers are there?

A

Three vascular layers

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7
Q

Age-Related Changes That Affect Cardiovascular Function:

Baroreflex mechanism: What does this do?

A

Regulate blood pressure

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8
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

Age-related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal

A

True

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9
Q

Age-related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal

True- why?

Cardiac physiology changes that DO occur affect what?

A

Age-related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal, and the changes that do occur affect cardiac performance only under conditions of physiologic stress.

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10
Q

Age-related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal

True-

Under stressful conditions, the how is the heart in healthy older adults? How does it differ in younger adult hearts?

A

Even under stressful conditions, the heart in healthy older adults is able to adapt, but the adaptive mechanisms may differ from those of younger adults or be slightly less efficient

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11
Q

Risk Factors That Affect Cardiovascular Function

A

Cardiovascular disease/heart disease

Atherosclerosis

Physical inactivity/physical deconditioning

Tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke

Dietary habits

Obesity/abdominal obesity

Hypertension

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12
Q

Risk Factors That Affect Cardiovascular Function

continued:

A

Lipid disorders/dyslipidemias

Metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance syndrome

Psychosocial factors

Heredity and socioeconomic factors

Risk of cardiovascular disease in women and minority groups

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13
Q

At what time of day would an older adult experience postprandial hypotension?

A. Immediately on awakening

B. After breakfast

C. Late afternoon

D. Before bedtime

A

After breakfast

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14
Q

What is postprandial hypotension?

A

Postprandial hypotension, a blood pressure reduction of 20 mmHg within 75 minutes of eating a meal, particularly breakfast

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15
Q

Postprandial hypotension: What percent of older healthy adults does this occur in?

A

occurs in 20% to 40% of healthy older adults

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16
Q

Functional Consequences Affecting Cardiovascular Wellness include

A

Effects on cardiac function

Effects on pulse and blood pressure

Effects on response to exercise

Effects on circulation

17
Q

Pathologic Condition Affecting Cardiovascular Wellness: include

A

Orthostatic and Postprandial Hypotension

18
Q

Pathologic Condition Affecting Cardiovascular Wellness:

Orthostatic hypotension/postural hypotension: What is it?

A

Reduction in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg when assuming a standing position

19
Q

Pathologic Condition Affecting Cardiovascular Wellness:

Postprandial Hypotension

A

Reduction of systolic blood pressure—drop of 20 mmHg in a supine/sitting position within 120 minutes after eating a meal

20
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:

What should nurses focus on?

A

Focus on identifying risks for cardiovascular disease

21
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:

How can risks be addressed?

A

Risks can be addressed through health education interventions

22
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:

What should be assessed?

A

Assess readiness for changing behaviors

Essential to assess for hypotension

23
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:

What should be addressed?

A

Address body–mind–spirit interconnectedness through identifying stress-related factors

24
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:

What about cardiac function should be assessed?

A

Assess baseline cardiovascular function

Assess blood pressure

Assess signs and symptoms of heart disease

25
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:

Assess baseline cardiovascular function: like?

A

Heart rate, sounds, and rhythm

26
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:

Assess bp:

A

Initial blood pressure (sitting, standing, and lying in both arms)

White coat hypertension

Home blood pressure monitoring

27
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:

What can be used to promote wellness in older adults?

A

Technology to promote wellness in older adults

28
Q

What is white coat hypertension?

A

Elevated blood pressure readings during a visit to the healthcare provider

White coat hypertension (also called isolated office hypertension), which is the phenomenon of blood pressure readings being high only when checked by a health care practitioner

29
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function

Identify risks for cardiovascular disease-like?

A

Identify modifiable risk factors

Hypertension

Lipid disorders

Smoking cessation

30
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function

Assess signs and symptoms of heart disease

A

Atypical presentation

31
Q

Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function—(cont.)

What kind of knowledge should be assessed? What kind of symptoms?

A

Assess knowledge about heart disease

Older adult’s knowledge regarding manifestation of heart disease

Heart attack and stroke symptoms

32
Q

Nursing Interventions to Promote Healthy Cardiovascular Function #1

Addressing risks through what?

A

Addressing risks through nutritional interventions

Addressing risks through lifestyle interventions

33
Q

Nursing Interventions to Promote Healthy Cardiovascular Function #1

Addressing risks through nutritional interventions

A

Prevention or management of obesity,
hypertension, and lipid disorders

DASH diet

34
Q

Nursing Interventions to Promote Healthy Cardiovascular Function #1

Addressing risks through nutritional interventions:

What is the DASH diet for?

A

Lipid disorder management

35
Q

Nursing Interventions to Promote Healthy Cardiovascular Function #1

Addressing risks through lifestyle interventions: Like what?

A

Risk control: tobacco use

Weight loss behavior

Stress reduction

36
Q

Nursing Interventions to Promote Healthy Cardiovascular Function #2

What is used for primary and secondary prevention?

A

Low-dose aspirin for primary and secondary prevention

37
Q

Nursing Interventions to Promote Healthy Cardiovascular Function #2

What should be managed?

A

Managing hypertension

Preventing and managing lipid disorders

Preventing and managing orthostatic or postprandial hypotension

38
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

Selection of antihypertensive medications in the older adult population is based on the consideration of potential adverse effects and is related to various types of functional impairment that exist in this population

A

True

Many types of medications are used for treating hypertension, and selection of the best medication is based on a consideration of variables such as therapeutic effectiveness and the presence of concomitant conditions

39
Q

Slide 22- verbalizing what?

A

Wellness Outcomes (Positive Functional Consequences)
Verbalization of correct information about risks
Verbalized participation in health promotion interventions
Follow heart-healthy diet/dietary modifications
Exercise program
Weight reduction
Smoking cessation

Gero (18 decks)

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