Chapter 21: Cardiovascular Function Flashcards
Exam 3
Cardiovascular system maintains homeostasis how?
Cardiovascular system maintains homeostasis by bringing oxygen and nutrients to organs and tissues
Introduction:
What role do nurses have?
Nurses have an essential role in addressing risks of cardiovascular disease
Introduction
How can risk factors for cardiovascular disease be reduced?
Risk factors can be reduced by lifestyle and medical interventions
Age-Related Changes That Affect Cardiovascular Function:
What changes occur?
Myocardium and neuroconduction mechanisms
Vasculature
Baroreflex mechanism
Age-Related Changes That Affect Cardiovascular Function:
Myocardium and neuroconduction mechanisms: What does this normally do?
Ability of the heart to contract
Age-Related Changes That Affect Cardiovascular Function:
Vasculature: How many layers are there?
Three vascular layers
Age-Related Changes That Affect Cardiovascular Function:
Baroreflex mechanism: What does this do?
Regulate blood pressure
Is the following statement true or false?
Age-related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal
True
Age-related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal
True- why?
Cardiac physiology changes that DO occur affect what?
Age-related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal, and the changes that do occur affect cardiac performance only under conditions of physiologic stress.
Age-related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal
True-
Under stressful conditions, the how is the heart in healthy older adults? How does it differ in younger adult hearts?
Even under stressful conditions, the heart in healthy older adults is able to adapt, but the adaptive mechanisms may differ from those of younger adults or be slightly less efficient
Risk Factors That Affect Cardiovascular Function
Cardiovascular disease/heart disease
Atherosclerosis
Physical inactivity/physical deconditioning
Tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke
Dietary habits
Obesity/abdominal obesity
Hypertension
Risk Factors That Affect Cardiovascular Function
continued:
Lipid disorders/dyslipidemias
Metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance syndrome
Psychosocial factors
Heredity and socioeconomic factors
Risk of cardiovascular disease in women and minority groups
At what time of day would an older adult experience postprandial hypotension?
A. Immediately on awakening
B. After breakfast
C. Late afternoon
D. Before bedtime
After breakfast
What is postprandial hypotension?
Postprandial hypotension, a blood pressure reduction of 20 mmHg within 75 minutes of eating a meal, particularly breakfast
Postprandial hypotension: What percent of older healthy adults does this occur in?
occurs in 20% to 40% of healthy older adults
Functional Consequences Affecting Cardiovascular Wellness include
Effects on cardiac function
Effects on pulse and blood pressure
Effects on response to exercise
Effects on circulation
Pathologic Condition Affecting Cardiovascular Wellness: include
Orthostatic and Postprandial Hypotension
Pathologic Condition Affecting Cardiovascular Wellness:
Orthostatic hypotension/postural hypotension: What is it?
Reduction in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg when assuming a standing position
Pathologic Condition Affecting Cardiovascular Wellness:
Postprandial Hypotension
Reduction of systolic blood pressure—drop of 20 mmHg in a supine/sitting position within 120 minutes after eating a meal
Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:
What should nurses focus on?
Focus on identifying risks for cardiovascular disease
Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:
How can risks be addressed?
Risks can be addressed through health education interventions
Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:
What should be assessed?
Assess readiness for changing behaviors
Essential to assess for hypotension
Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:
What should be addressed?
Address body–mind–spirit interconnectedness through identifying stress-related factors
Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function:
What about cardiac function should be assessed?
Assess baseline cardiovascular function
Assess blood pressure
Assess signs and symptoms of heart disease
