Gerontology Lecture II Flashcards
Exam 1
Characteristics of Illness in Older Adults
Presence of many interacting conditions and factors such as:
Acute illness
Chronic conditions
Psychosocial factors
Environmental conditions
Age-related changes
Medication effects
Comorbidity and the older adultchapter 28-pages 562-564
What is comorbidities?
having more than one illness at the same time (e.g., diabetes, congestive heart failure)
This term is used when a patient has one primary condition and additional conditions that coexist with the primary disease.
Comorbidity and the older adultchapter 28-pages 562-564
What does comorbidities focus on?
Comorbidity focuses on the relationship of additional diseases with a primary condition.
What is an example of comorbidities?
For example, if a person is diagnosed with diabetes (primary condition) and also has hypertension and depression, the latter two are considered comorbidities.
Multimorbidity:
combination of chronic (e.g., diabetes, congestive heart failure) and acute conditions ( infection/injury).
What is an example of multimorbidity?
A patient with diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease would be classified as having multimorbidity because all these conditions are chronic and equally affect the patient’s health.
There is no one chronic “primary” condition; all are managed together with an acute condition.
What accounts for the majority of healthcare needs?
Chronic conditions account for the majority of health care needs of older adults, and these conditions have a significant effect on quality of life and a tremendous impact on psychosocial function in older adults
Frailty
multisystem decline that increases vulnerability to poor health effects
What is the definition of frailty?
Frail is used to describe an older person who experiences progressive physiological decline, often accompanied by chronic disease, unintentional weight loss of more than 5% of body weight, social isolation, recurrent acute illness, and functional and/or cognitive decline.
Frailty-clinical manifestations
Clinical manifestations of frailty (include 3 or more)
Unintentional weight loss
Self-reported exhaustion
Weakness-diminished handgrip strength
Slow walking speed
Low level of physical activity
Three Pathways Leading to Frailty
Physical Dimension:
Social Dimension:
Psychological Dimension:
Three Pathways Leading to Frailty
Physical Dimension: Changes of what occur?
Changes of aging and loss of organ reserve and function
Three Pathways Leading to Frailty
Physical Dimension: How does diagnosis occur?
Diagnosis with several chronic illnesses
Three Pathways Leading to Frailty
Psychological Dimension:
Cognitive issues
Anxiety, fear of falling
Three Pathways Leading to Frailty
Social Dimension:
Existence in harmful environments
Who is the largest consumers of healthcare, community services and long term care?
Frail Elder
What increases with age?
Frailty
Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE): What is it?
The Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE) was developed to assess for frailty risk in older adults using items collected in existing nursing datasets.
Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE): What is the purpose of this?
The purpose is to assess for frailty risk in older adults, to identify patients who are higher risk, to implement specific treatment, and prognosis estimation.
The Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE)
What are special considerations?
Special Considerations: Certain medical conditions (such as conditions causing vertigo) can heavily influence frailty score, not just age.
The Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE)
Score of 1-3 indicate?
A score of 1-3 indicates frailty risk
The Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE)
Score of 4 or more indicate?
A score of 4 or greater indicates frailty
The Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE)
What are clinical manifestations of frailty?
Clinical manifestations of frailty (include 3 or more)
Unintentional weight loss
Self-reported exhaustion
Weakness-diminished handgrip strength
Slow walking speed
Low level of physical activity
Risk Factors for Frail Older Persons
Dependency
Institutionalization
Falls
Injuries
Hospitalization
Slow recovery from illness
Increased risk of mortality