Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gero > Elder Mistreatment and Family Caregiving > Flashcards

Elder Mistreatment and Family Caregiving Flashcards

Exam 4 (Final)

1
Q

Definitions:

Elder mistreatment:

What does it include:

A

Elder mistreatment is a complex phenomenon that includes elder abuse and neglect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definitions:

Elder mistreatment:

What is it?

A

It is the infliction of actual harm, or a risk for harm, to vulnerable older persons through the action or behavior of others (American Psychological Association [APA], 2020).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definitions

Elder Abuse:
What is it?

A

Elder abuse is a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Elder Abuse:

This type of violence constitutes a violation of what and includes what?

A

This type of violence constitutes a violation of human rights and includes

physical, sexual, psychological and emotional abuse;

financial and material abuse;

abandonment;

neglect;

and serious loss of dignity and respect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Key facts

What percent of those older than 60 years of age have been or will be mistreated?

A

Up to 15.7% of those older than 60 years of age have been or will be mistreated (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Key Facts:

Where are rates of elder abuse high? How many staff reported that they committed abuse in the past year?

A

Rates of elder abuse are high in institutions such as nursing homes and long-term care facilities, with 2 in 3 staff reporting that they have committed abuse in the past year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Key Facts:

What is the impact of COVID on elder abuse?

A

Rates of elder abuse have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Key Facts:

What can elder abuse lead to?

A

Elder abuse can lead to serious physical injuries and long-term psychological consequences.q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Key Facts:

What is predicted to happen to elder abuse?

A

Elder abuse is predicted to increase as many countries are experiencing rapidly ageing populations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Key facts:

What is the global population of people aged 60 and older in 2015 to 2050?

A

The global population of people aged 60 years and older will more than double, from 900 million in 2015 to about 2 billion in 2050.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Elder Mistreatment :Invisibility and Vulnerability

What happens to the vast majority of cases?

A

Vast majority of cases go unreported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Elder Mistreatment :Invisibility and Vulnerability

What is associated with vulnerability?

A

Social, personal, situational, and environmental factors associated with vulnerability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elder Mistreatment :Invisibility and Vulnerability

How may older adults be?

A

Older adults may have less contact with the outside world

Older adults reluctant to admit to abuse/neglect

Significant psychosocial limitations (due to dementia, depression, and mental health issues) that reduce the ability to remember or seek help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Elder Mistreatment :Invisibility and Vulnerability

What may there be an absence of for older adults?

A

Absence of close relatives and other support persons able or willing to provide adequate assistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the invisibility of elder abuse?

A. Older adults have less contact with the community
B. Older adults are reticent to admit being abused
C. Myths foster denial of problems of vulnerability
D. Most older adults live in long-term care settings

A

D. Most older adults live in long-term care settings

A very small portion of the older adult population lives in long-term care settings. One of the major risk factors for elder abuse is its invisibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Elder Abuse and Neglect

Elder abuse/mistreatment is defined by what?

A

Elder abuse/mistreatment is defined by intentional actions causing harm or create serious risk of harm, whether or not intended to vulnerable older adult by a caregiver or other person who stands in trust relationship, or failure by the caregiver to satisfy older adult’s basic needs or protect from harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Elder Abuse and Neglect

What are three basic categories?

A

Domestic elder abuse

Institutional elder abuse

Self-neglect or self-abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Self-Neglect

What is it?

A

A behavior in which people fail to meet their own basic needs in the manner in which the average person would in similar circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Self-Neglect

Who would be considered engaging in self neglect?

A

Persons who do not maintain a socially acceptable level of self-care would be considered engaging in self-neglect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Self-Neglect

Persons who do not maintain a socially acceptable level of self-care would be considered engaging in self-neglect.

What is an example?

A

A refusal or failure to provide adequate safety, food, water, clothing, shelter, personal hygiene, or health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Self-Neglect

Persons who do not maintain a socially acceptable level of self-care would be considered engaging in self-neglect.

What may is be caused by?

A

May be caused by diminished capacity or by long-standing lifestyle, homelessness, or substance use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Self-Neglect

What questions exist pertaining to this?

A

Ethical and legal questions as to how much health care professionals can and should intervene in these situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Seven Major Types or Forms of EM

(Elder mistreatment)

A

Physical abuse (2.6%)

Sexual abuse (0.9%)

Emotional or psychological abuse (11.6%)

Neglect (4.2%)

Abandonment

Financial/material abuse/exploitation (6.8%)

Self-neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functional Consequences Associated With Elder Abuse and Neglect

Physical abuse:

A

Physical abuse: inflicting and threatening to inflict physical pain or injury or depriving a basic need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Functional Consequences Associated With Elder Abuse and Neglect

Sexual abuse:

A

Sexual abuse: nonconsensual sexual contact of any kind, coercing to witness sexual behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Functional Consequences Associated With Elder Abuse and Neglect

Emotional/psychological abuse:

A

inflicting mental pain, anguish, and distress through verbal or nonverbal acts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Functional Consequences Associated With Elder Abuse and Neglect

Financial exploitation:

A

illegal taking, misuse, concealment of funds, property, or assets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Functional Consequences Associated With Elder Abuse and Neglect

Neglect:

A

Neglect: refusal, failure to provide food, shelter, health care, or protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Functional Consequences Associated With Elder Abuse and Neglect

Abandonment:

A

Abandonment: desertion by anyone who assumed responsibility for care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Functional Consequences Associated With Elder Abuse and Neglect

Self-neglect:

A

threats to his or her own health or safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Slide 10

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Risk Factors Associated With any Type of abuse:

Older Adult Factors include:

A

Physical dependence

Dementia

Problem behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Risk Factors Associated With any Type of abuse:

Perpetrator Factors include:

A

Mental illness (e.g., history of psychiatric hospitalization)

Substance abuse

Hostility in general or directed toward victim

Financial or housing dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Risk Factors Associated With any Type of abuse:

Risks Factors According to Forms of Abuse:

Emotional Abuse

A

Lack of social support

Physical dependence

Prior traumatic experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Risk Factors Associated With any Type of abuse:

Risks Factors According to Forms of Abuse:

Physical Abuse

A

Substance abuse (perpetrator)

Mental illness (perpetrator)

Unemployment (perpetrator)

Social isolation

Lack of social support for the older adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Risk Factors Associated With any Type of abuse:

Risks Factors According to Forms of Abuse:

Neglect

A

Low income

Poor health

Inadequate social support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Risk Factors Associated With any Type of abuse:

Risks Factors According to Forms of Abuse:

Financial

A

Physical disability

Female sex

African-American race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Risk Factors Associated With any Type of abuse:

Risks Factors According to Forms of Abuse:

Sexual

A

Low social support

Prior traumatic events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Risk Factors Associated With any Type of abuse:

Risks Factors According to Forms of Abuse:

Self-Neglect

A

Physical disability

Medical conditions

Cognitive impairment

Mental illness

Inadequate social supports
40
Q

What is the definition of exploitation, as a form of abuse?

A. Intentional or unintentional refusal or failure to provide goods or services

B. Illegal taking, misuse, or concealment of funds, property, or assets

C. Infliction of mental pain, distress, or anguish through verbal or nonverbal acts

D. Deprivation of a basic need or inflicting physical injury

A

B. Illegal taking, misuse, or concealment of funds, property, or assets

Neglect is the intentional or unintentional refusal or failure to provide goods or services.

Emotional abuse includes the infliction of mental pain, distress, or anguish.

Physical abuse is the deprivation of a basic need or actual or threatened infliction of physical pain, injury, or violence

41
Q

Which older adult is most likely to be a victim of elder mistreatment?

A 65-year-old single man with cataracts and diabetes

A 70-year-old widowed woman with moderate hypertension

A 75-year-old man with chronic kidney disease living in a long-term care setting

A 82-year-old woman with Alzheimer’s disease living with family in the community

A

ANS: D

The most likely victim of elder mistreatment is a woman of advanced age who is physically or mentally frail and dependent on the abuser.

Older adults, particularly those with Dementia , are often marginalized and stripped of their dignity and more likely to be victims of abuse /neglect/ mistreatment.

42
Q

Assessment –Caregiver

Who should be assessed?

A

Caregivers of older adults should be assessed

43
Q

Assessment –Caregiver

Caregivers of older adults should be assessed

For what?

A

For caregiver stress

For substance abuse

For a history of psychopathology

44
Q

Assessment –Caregiver

Caregivers of older adults should be assessed

How should interviews be?

A

Separate interviews should be conducted for the caregiver and the patient

45
Q

Assessment –Caregiver

Caregivers of older adults should be assessed

Separate interviews should be conducted for the caregiver and the patient

What may inconsistencies indicate?

A

Inconsistencies might increase the suspicion of abuse

46
Q

Assessment –Caregiver

Caregivers of older adults should be assessed

Separate interviews should be conducted for the caregiver and the patient

Who is more likely to abuse or neglect?

A
  • Family member
    • One with emotional or mental illnesses
    • One who is abusing alcohol or other substances
    • History of family violence
    • Cultural acceptance of interpersonal violence
    • Caregiver frustration
    • Social isolation
    • Impaired impulse control of caregiver
47
Q

Nursing Assessment of Abused or Neglected Older Adults

Unique aspects of elder abuse assessment:
What should there be an awareness of? Who is involved in assessment? What kind of environment is created?

A

Awareness of differences based on cultural perceptions of mistreatment

An interdisciplinary team

A nonjudgmental environment

48
Q

Nursing Assessment of Abused or Neglected Older Adults

Unique aspects of elder abuse assessment:

What is the priority?

A

Safety *Priority nursing: Assess whether the client is safe in the home environment

49
Q

Nursing Assessment of Abused or Neglected Older Adults

Unique aspects of elder abuse assessment:

What kind of intervention may be necessary?

A

Legal intervention

50
Q

Nursing Assessment of Abused or Neglected Older Adults

Unique aspects of elder abuse assessment:

What is the nurse’s core responsibility?

A

The nurse’s core responsibility is to report suspected elder abuse, not to confirm the abuse.

50
Q

The Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI):

What is it?

A

The Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI), is a 41-item assessment instrument.

50
Q

The Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI):

What does it do? What is not on the instrument?

A

that reviews signs, symptoms and subjective complaints of elder abuse, neglect, exploitation, and abandonment.

There is no “score”.

50
Q

The Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI):

When should a patient be referred to social services?

A

1) if there is any evidence of mistreatment without sufficient clinical explanation

2) whenever there is a subjective complaint by the elder of EM

3) whenever the clinician believes there is high risk or probable abuse, neglect, exploitation, abandonment

51
Q

The Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI):

What is the purpose of the instrument?

A

To be used as a comprehensive approach for screening suspected elder abuse victims in all clinical settings.

52
Q

In what way does assessment of elder abuse differ from usual nursing assessment?

A. A major focus is to determine whether legal interventions are necessary

B. Realistic goals for the abuse situations are often unlimited

C. Abused elders often seek assistance from health care team

D. The nurse is viewed as a trusted source of assistance

A

A major focus is to determine whether legal interventions are necessary

realistic goals for elder abuse situations often are quite limited;

cases of elder abuse generally involve some
element of resistance from the older person or caregiver;

the nurse may be viewed as a threat rather than a help;

and legal rights of the person and the caregiver must be addressed

52
Q

Nursing Assessment of Abused or Neglected Older Adults

could include:

A

Physical Assessment:

Patterns of injury and info about broader circumstances

Laboratory findings that support the presence of dehydration and malnutrition without medical causes

53
Q

Nursing Assessment of Abused or Neglected Older Adults

could include: Laboratory findings that support the presence of dehydration and malnutrition without medical causes

What needs to be done by nurses?

A

Nursing: *need immediate intervention

54
Q

Nursing interventions to address elder abuse and neglect

What kind of education is provided by nurse to caregivers? When? Why?

A

Education provided by nurses to help prepare the caregiver for the caregiving role, particularly at the time of discharge from the hospital or nursing home, can help to prevent role strain and lessen burden.

Questions to be addressed with the caregiver include the following

55
Q

Nursing interventions to address elder abuse and neglect

Questions to be addressed with the caregiver include the following

A
  • What questions do you have regarding care today?
    • What questions do you have about care at home?
    • How are you doing and what are your needs?
56
Q

Nursing interventions to address elder abuse and neglect

Nurses should plan for educational interventions for the caregiver, including:

A

Disease management

Aging changes

Maximizing healthcare services

Respite Care services

Behavioral management

Caregiver issues

support groups

57
Q

Support Resources:

What do they include:

A

Support resources include caregivers, friends, relatives, and significant others who influence person’s physical and psychosocial function

58
Q

Support Resources:

How should support resources be assessed?

A

Assessment of support resources in terms of both helpful and detrimental

Assessment of barriers to the use of resources

59
Q

Support Resources:

Who can be perpetrators?

A

Caregivers can be perpetrators

60
Q

Threats to Life

What should you assess?

A

Assess urgency, seriousness of situation with opinion regarding legal interventions justified

61
Q

Threats to Life

What is the nursing priority assessment? What else should be assessed?

A

Priority Nursing :

(1)Initial assessment aimed at determining immediate threats to life * is the client safe?

(2) competency / mental capacity
Assess suicide potential

62
Q

Referrals

What is an important nursing role?

A

Important nursing role is to initiate and facilitate referrals for various services to improve care for the older adult and decrease burden for the caregiver:

63
Q

Referrals

What should be assessed?

A

Assess willingness to accept help

64
Q

Referrals

What is included?

A

*Interdisciplinary team consult -Social work

*Interdisciplinary team consult -PT, OT, Speech

*Transportation services

*Medical equipment, supplies, and assistive devices to improve function and safety

*Reputable online resources

65
Q

Preparedness for Caregiving Scale

What is this? The higher score indicate… Lower score indicates…

A

Responses are rated on a 5-point scale with scores ranging from 0 (not at all prepared) to 4 (very well prepared)

The higher the score the more prepared the caregiver feels for caregiving;

the lower the score the less prepared the caregiver feels.

66
Q

Interventions in Multidisciplinary Teams

What exists in hospitals:

A

Hospitals: elder abuse teams

67
Q

Interventions in Multidisciplinary Teams

What can agencies offer? What are a variety of healthcare professionals available to do?

A

Agencies offer case management services

Variety of health care professionals available to meet the needs of those in abusive or potentially abusive situations

68
Q

Interventions in Multidisciplinary Teams

What is done?

A

Thorough assessments

69
Q

Interventions in Multidisciplinary Teams

If abuse/neglect is suspects : What is done first? Second?

A

1st - report to your supervisor
2nd – follow the protocol in your institutions
(activate the elder abuse team)

70
Q

Interventions in Multidisciplinary Teams

What do nurses need to do if interdisciplinary teams are not in place?

A

Nurses need to be creative if interdisciplinary teams are not in place

71
Q

The Three Rs in Detecting and Reporting Elderly Abuse

A

Recognize

Respond

Report

72
Q

The Three Rs in Detecting and Reporting Elderly Abuse

Read slide if time:
Recognize

Respond

Report

A

slide 28

73
Q

Why would providers not report abuse?

A

Sometimes healthcare providers do not report abuse because of fear of repercussion, especially if the investigation turns out to be negative.

74
Q

Legal Interventions and Ethical Issues

A

Voluntary and involuntary legal interventions

Competency of a person to make decisions

Adult protective services law is limited

Ethical issues: principles of adult protective services

75
Q

What is the most immediate nursing consideration in determining whether legal intervention is necessary in an abusive situation?

A. Need for assistance
B. Cause of the abuse
C. Threats to life
D. Timing of the abuse

A

C. Threats to life

The most immediate nursing consideration in determining whether legal interventions are necessary is the assessment of threats to life

76
Q

Ethical Issues

All adults in America have rights like:

A

Freedom from intrusion

Right to fair treatment

Freedom from unnecessary restraint

Right to self-determination

77
Q

Ethical Issues

How can adults right be taken away?

A

All can be taken away through the use of legal measures —assessment of the patient’s decisional capacity: determining if the patient has or lacks capacity for a particular decision at a particular time

78
Q

Reporting of Elder Abuse in New York State

New York State requires that…

A

New York State requires that Adult Protective Services (APS) workers report suspicions of abuse to law enforcement, but there are no laws mandating reporting from other professionals or lay persons.

79
Q

Reporting of Elder Abuse in New York State

New York State requires that Adult Protective Services (APS) workers report suspicions of abuse to law enforcement, but there are no laws for what?

A

but there are no laws mandating reporting from other professionals or lay persons.

80
Q

Reporting of Elder Abuse in New York State

It is the position of the New York State Nurses Association that ___. What is this set forth by?

A

It is the position of the New York State Nurses Association that the registered professional nurse has the responsibility to safeguard elders from abuse, neglect and maltreatment.

This responsibility is set forth in the American Nurses Association’s (ANA),

Scope and Standards of Practice,

Scope and Standards for Gerontological Nursing Practice and

the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretative Statements.

81
Q

Mandatory Reporting States with Specific Legislation

Slide 34

A
82
Q

How Many Caregivers in the U.S.?

A

About 34.2 million Americans have provided unpaid care to an adult age 50 or older in the last 12 months. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]

83
Q

How Many Caregivers in the U.S.?

The majority of caregivers care for how many adults? How many for more adults?

A

The majority of caregivers (82%) care for one other adult, while 15% care for 2 adults, and 3% for 3 or more adults. [National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP. (2015). Caregiving in the U.S.]

84
Q

How Many Caregivers in the U.S.?

How many adult family care givers care for someone who has alzeimher’s or dementia?

A

About 15.7 million adult family caregivers care for someone who has Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia. [Alzheimer’s Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures.]

85
Q

How Many Caregivers in the U.S.?

Who are caregivers more? Women or men?

A

More women than men are caregivers: an estimated 66% of caregivers are female.

86
Q

How Many Caregivers in the U.S.:

What is the average age of a female caregiver?

A

the average age of a female caregiver is 48.0. (Sandwich Caregiver)

87
Q

Caregiver Issues

What instrument is used?

A

*Instrument: Modified Caregiver Strain Index

88
Q

Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI):

What is it?

A

13-question tool that measures strain related to care provision.

89
Q

Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI):

What items are included?

A

There is at least one item for each of the following major domains:

Financial, Physical, Psychological, Social, and Personal.

90
Q

Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI):

What is it used for?

A

Used to assess individuals of any age who have assumed the caregiving role for an older adult

91
Q

Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI):

What is scoring?

A

Scoring is 2 points for each ‘yes’ and 1 point for each ‘sometimes’ response. The higher the score, the higher the level of caregiver strain.

Gero (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions