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National Physical Therapy Examination: Integumentary > Integumentary: Common Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Integumentary: Common Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Allergic/Contact Dermatitis

A
  • Poison Ivy
  • Harsh soaps
  • Chemicals
  • Adhesive Tape
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2
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Actinic

A
  • Photosensitivity

- Reaction to UV light

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3
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Atopic

A
  • Etiology Unknown
  • Associated with:
  • Allergic
  • Hereditary
  • Psychological disorders
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4
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Stages: Acute

A
  • Oozing Crusting Rash, Red
  • Extensive Erosions
  • Exudate
  • Pruritic vesicles
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5
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Subacute

A
  • Erythematosus

- Scaling, scattered plaques

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6
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Chronic

A
  • Thickened skin
  • Increased skin
  • Marking secondary to scratching
  • Fibrotic plaques and nodules
  • Post inflammatory pigmentation changes
  • Can be relapsing
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7
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Precautions/Contraindications

A
  • Some physical therapy modalities

- Alcohol

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8
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Medical Management

A
  • Target Inflammation and eliminate triggers
  • Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines
  • Daily care: Mild-non fragrant soaps, lotions pithing 5 minutes of bathing
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9
Q

Bacterial Infections: Etiology

A
  • Bacteria enter through pores of skin

- Some may be antibiotic resistant

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10
Q

Bacterial Infections: Impetigo

A
  • Superficial skin infection caused by staphylococci
  • Associated with inflammation of pus filled vesicles, itching.
  • Highly contagious especially among children nd the elderly.
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11
Q

Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis

A
  • Suppurative inflammation of cellular or connective tissue in or close to the skin
  • Tends to be poorly defined and wide spread
  • Can be contagious
  • Skin red, hot, and edematous
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12
Q

Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Management

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Elevation of the part
  • Cool wet dressings
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13
Q

Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Co-morbidities

A
  • Lymphangitis
  • Gangrene
  • Abscess
  • Sepsis
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14
Q

Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Populations at Risk

A
  • Elderly
  • Individuals with diabetes
  • Wounds
  • Malnutrition
  • Steroid Therapy
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15
Q

Bacterial Infections: Abscess

A
  • A cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue
  • The result of localized infection
  • Healing via draining or incising abscess
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16
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes (1) Simplex

A
  • Itching or soreness, followed by vesicular eruption, of the skin on the face or mouth
  • A cold sore, fever or blister
  • Spread by contact
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17
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes (1) Simplex: Treatment

A
  • Antiviral therapy
  • No close contact until there are no new lesions
  • Lesions are dry for several days
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18
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes 2

A
  • Common cause of vesicular genital eruption
  • Spread by sexual contact
  • In newborns may cause meningoencephalitis, may be fatal.
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19
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Etiology

A
  • Caused by varicella zoster
  • Lies dormant for several years
  • Impacts the Cerebral ganglia or ganglia of the posterior nerve roots.
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20
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Presentation

A
  • Pain and tingling effecting spinal or cranial nerve dermatome
  • Progress to papule along distribution of infected nerve.
  • Progress to vesicles along infected dermatome
  • Can be accompanied by GI disturbance
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21
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Cranial Nerve Involvement

A
  • CN III: Ocular complications

- CN V: Eye pain, corneal damage, loss of vision

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22
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Postherpetic Neuralgic Pain

A
  • May be intermittent or constant
  • Last weeks
  • Occasionally lasts years
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23
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Management

A
  • Antiviral drugs

- Symptomatic treatment for itching

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24
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Populations at Risk

A
  • Those who have not had chickenpox
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25
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Contraindicaions
- Heat - Ultrasound - Can increase severity of symtpoms
26
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Vaccination
-Those over the age of 50 should get a vaccine
27
Viral Infections: Warts
- Common benign infection by human papilloma virus | - Transmission through direct contact
28
Viral Infections: Warts: Common Warts
- Hands and fingers
29
Viral Infections: Warts: Plantar Warts
- On pressure points on feet
30
Viral Infections: Warts: Managament
- Cryotherapy - Acids - Electrodessication and curettage - Over the counter medications
31
Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Etiology
- Fungal infection of the hair skin or nails - Ring shaped patches with vesicles or scales - Itchy, transmission through direct contact
32
Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Treatment
- Topical or oral anti fungal drugs | - Lasts for weeks to months even after symptoms subside
33
Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Side Effects
- Headache - GI issues - Fatigue - Insomnia - Photosensitivity - Liver function is monitored
34
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot
- Fungal infection of the foot, typically between he toes
35
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Causes
- Erythema - Inflammation - Pruritis - Itching - Pain
36
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Treatment
- Anti-fungal creams
37
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Progression if not treated
- Bacterial infections | - Cellulitis
38
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Transmission
- Person to person | - Observe standard precautions
39
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Etiology
- Common in skin folds due to moisture | - More susceptible of immunocompromised
40
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Oral
- Oral patches - Redness - Soreness - Pain
41
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Genital
- Erythema - Inflammation - Itching - Burning - Urination - White discharge
42
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Topical
- Redness - Rash - Soreness
43
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Treatment
- Reduce skin moisture - Antifungal - Ointment - Potentially silver infused ointments for skin folds
44
Parasitic Infections: Scabies/Mites
- Burrow into skin - Cause inflammation - Itching - Pruritis - Hives
45
Parasitic Infections: Scabies/Mites: Treatment
- Scabicide
46
Parasitic Infections: Lice/Pediculosis
- A parasite that infects body with: - Bite marks - Redness - Nits
47
Parasitic Infections: Lice/Pediculosis: Treatment
- Special soap or shampoo
48
Parasitic Infections: Transmission
- Person to person | - Avoid direct contact, observe standard precautions
49
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Etiology
- Chronic auto-immune disorder
50
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Characterized by
- Erythematosus plaques | - Silvery scale common on ears, scalp, knees, elbows, and genitalia
51
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Course
- Exacerbations and remissions are common
52
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Associate with
- Psoriatic arthritis | - Joint pain typically in small distal joints
53
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Etiological factors
- Hereditary - Associated immune disorders - Certain Drugs
54
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Precipitating Factors
- Trauma - Infection - Pregnancy - Endocrine changes - Cold weather - Smoking - Anxiety/stress
55
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Management
- Topical preparations | - Immunosuppresive drugs
56
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Daily Care
- Non-fragrant soaps - Lotions immediately following bathing - Avoid irritants like brisk drying, sunlight exposure, remove chlorine immediately after swimming
57
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus
- Chronic, progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder of connective tissues. - Characterized by red rash with raised, red, scaly plaques.
58
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Discoid
- Affects only skin - Flare ups with sun exposure - Lesions can resolve or cause atrophy - Permanent scarring - Hypopigmentation - Hyperpigmentation
59
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Systemic
- Affects multiple organ systems - Can be fatal - Commonly effects young women
60
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Systemic: Symtpoms
- Fever - Malaise - BUTTERFLY RASH ACROSS BRIDGE OF NOSE - Arthritis - Skin rashes - Photosensitivity - Raynaud's disease
61
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Medical Management
- Discoid: Topical treatment | - Systemic: Immunosuppressant agents
62
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Physical Therapy
- Skin Care - Prevention of reconditioning - Prevention of secondary MSK impairments - Joint pan relief
63
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma
- Chronic autoimmune disorder of connective tissue causing fibrosis of skin, joints, blood vessels, and organs - Skin is taut, firm, edematous, firmly bonds to subcutaneous tissues.
64
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Limited Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma
- Symmetrical skin involvement of distal extremities and face. - Slow progression of skin changes - Late visceral and pulmonary hypertension involvement
65
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma
- Symmetrical widespread skin involvement of distal and proximal extremities, face, and trunk. - Rapid progression of skin changes - Early visceral involvement - Kidney's, Heart, and Lungs typically involved
66
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma: Physical Therapy
- Slow development of contractors and deformities - Skin management - Exercise and joint protection
67
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma: Precautions
- Sclerosed Skin - Sensitive to Pressure - Acute hypertension - Stress regular blood pressure checks - Vital signs monitoring - Pulmonary hypertension can cause right sided heart failure in some cases
68
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
- Polymyositis: Autoimmune myopathies characterized by degeneration of proximal muscles. - Affects primarily proximal muscles, shoulder and pelvic girdles, neck, pharynx, symmetrical distribution.
69
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
- Dermatomyositis: Polymyositis+Skin rash - Different immunologically from PM but similar presentation - Sclerodactyly and Interstitial Lung disease commonly seen with DM but not specific to it
70
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Etiology
- Etiology unknown
71
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Onset
- Variable | - Can be rapid and severe
72
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Comorbidities
- Cardiac and pulmonary involvement
73
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Physical Therapy
- Energy conservation - Aerobic and resistance exercises avoiding overload - Skin care and positioning to avoid pressure injuries - Monitor for effects of steroid induced pathologies
74
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Red Flag
- Additional muscle fiber damage may result with too much exercise. - Contractures and pressure injuries may result from prolonged bed rest and inactivity.
75
Skin Trauma: Contusion
- Injury in which skin is not broken - Bruise - Immediate application of cold may limit effects
76
Skin Trauma: Ecchymosis
- Bluish discoloration of skin - Extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues. - Results from trauma to underlying blood vessels or fragile vessel walls.
77
Skin Trauma: Petechiae
- Tiny red or purple hemmorhagic spots on the skin.
78
Skin Trauma: Abrasion
- Scraping away of skin due to injury or mechanical abrasion
79
Skin Trauma: Laceration
- An irregular tear of skin that produces a torn, jagged wound.

National Physical Therapy Examination: Integumentary (35 decks)

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