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National Physical Therapy Examination: Integumentary > Integumentary: Common Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Integumentary: Common Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Allergic/Contact Dermatitis

A
  • Poison Ivy
  • Harsh soaps
  • Chemicals
  • Adhesive Tape
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2
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Actinic

A
  • Photosensitivity

- Reaction to UV light

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3
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Atopic

A
  • Etiology Unknown
  • Associated with:
  • Allergic
  • Hereditary
  • Psychological disorders
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4
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Stages: Acute

A
  • Oozing Crusting Rash, Red
  • Extensive Erosions
  • Exudate
  • Pruritic vesicles
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5
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Subacute

A
  • Erythematosus

- Scaling, scattered plaques

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6
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Chronic

A
  • Thickened skin
  • Increased skin
  • Marking secondary to scratching
  • Fibrotic plaques and nodules
  • Post inflammatory pigmentation changes
  • Can be relapsing
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7
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Precautions/Contraindications

A
  • Some physical therapy modalities

- Alcohol

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8
Q

Dermatitis/Eczema: Medical Management

A
  • Target Inflammation and eliminate triggers
  • Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines
  • Daily care: Mild-non fragrant soaps, lotions pithing 5 minutes of bathing
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9
Q

Bacterial Infections: Etiology

A
  • Bacteria enter through pores of skin

- Some may be antibiotic resistant

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10
Q

Bacterial Infections: Impetigo

A
  • Superficial skin infection caused by staphylococci
  • Associated with inflammation of pus filled vesicles, itching.
  • Highly contagious especially among children nd the elderly.
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11
Q

Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis

A
  • Suppurative inflammation of cellular or connective tissue in or close to the skin
  • Tends to be poorly defined and wide spread
  • Can be contagious
  • Skin red, hot, and edematous
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12
Q

Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Management

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Elevation of the part
  • Cool wet dressings
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13
Q

Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Co-morbidities

A
  • Lymphangitis
  • Gangrene
  • Abscess
  • Sepsis
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14
Q

Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Populations at Risk

A
  • Elderly
  • Individuals with diabetes
  • Wounds
  • Malnutrition
  • Steroid Therapy
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15
Q

Bacterial Infections: Abscess

A
  • A cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue
  • The result of localized infection
  • Healing via draining or incising abscess
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16
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes (1) Simplex

A
  • Itching or soreness, followed by vesicular eruption, of the skin on the face or mouth
  • A cold sore, fever or blister
  • Spread by contact
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17
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes (1) Simplex: Treatment

A
  • Antiviral therapy
  • No close contact until there are no new lesions
  • Lesions are dry for several days
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18
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes 2

A
  • Common cause of vesicular genital eruption
  • Spread by sexual contact
  • In newborns may cause meningoencephalitis, may be fatal.
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19
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Etiology

A
  • Caused by varicella zoster
  • Lies dormant for several years
  • Impacts the Cerebral ganglia or ganglia of the posterior nerve roots.
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20
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Presentation

A
  • Pain and tingling effecting spinal or cranial nerve dermatome
  • Progress to papule along distribution of infected nerve.
  • Progress to vesicles along infected dermatome
  • Can be accompanied by GI disturbance
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21
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Cranial Nerve Involvement

A
  • CN III: Ocular complications

- CN V: Eye pain, corneal damage, loss of vision

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22
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Postherpetic Neuralgic Pain

A
  • May be intermittent or constant
  • Last weeks
  • Occasionally lasts years
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23
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Management

A
  • Antiviral drugs

- Symptomatic treatment for itching

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24
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Populations at Risk

A
  • Those who have not had chickenpox
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25
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Contraindicaions

A
  • Heat
  • Ultrasound
  • Can increase severity of symtpoms
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26
Q

Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Vaccination

A

-Those over the age of 50 should get a vaccine

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27
Q

Viral Infections: Warts

A
  • Common benign infection by human papilloma virus

- Transmission through direct contact

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28
Q

Viral Infections: Warts: Common Warts

A
  • Hands and fingers
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29
Q

Viral Infections: Warts: Plantar Warts

A
  • On pressure points on feet
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30
Q

Viral Infections: Warts: Managament

A
  • Cryotherapy
  • Acids
  • Electrodessication and curettage
  • Over the counter medications
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31
Q

Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Etiology

A
  • Fungal infection of the hair skin or nails
  • Ring shaped patches with vesicles or scales
  • Itchy, transmission through direct contact
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32
Q

Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Treatment

A
  • Topical or oral anti fungal drugs

- Lasts for weeks to months even after symptoms subside

33
Q

Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Side Effects

A
  • Headache
  • GI issues
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Photosensitivity
  • Liver function is monitored
34
Q

Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot

A
  • Fungal infection of the foot, typically between he toes
35
Q

Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Causes

A
  • Erythema
  • Inflammation
  • Pruritis
  • Itching
  • Pain
36
Q

Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Treatment

A
  • Anti-fungal creams
37
Q

Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Progression if not treated

A
  • Bacterial infections

- Cellulitis

38
Q

Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Transmission

A
  • Person to person

- Observe standard precautions

39
Q

Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Etiology

A
  • Common in skin folds due to moisture

- More susceptible of immunocompromised

40
Q

Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Oral

A
  • Oral patches
  • Redness
  • Soreness
  • Pain
41
Q

Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Genital

A
  • Erythema
  • Inflammation
  • Itching
  • Burning
  • Urination
  • White discharge
42
Q

Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Topical

A
  • Redness
  • Rash
  • Soreness
43
Q

Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Treatment

A
  • Reduce skin moisture
  • Antifungal
  • Ointment
  • Potentially silver infused ointments for skin folds
44
Q

Parasitic Infections: Scabies/Mites

A
  • Burrow into skin
  • Cause inflammation
  • Itching
  • Pruritis
  • Hives
45
Q

Parasitic Infections: Scabies/Mites: Treatment

A
  • Scabicide
46
Q

Parasitic Infections: Lice/Pediculosis

A
  • A parasite that infects body with:
  • Bite marks
  • Redness
  • Nits
47
Q

Parasitic Infections: Lice/Pediculosis: Treatment

A
  • Special soap or shampoo
48
Q

Parasitic Infections: Transmission

A
  • Person to person

- Avoid direct contact, observe standard precautions

49
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Etiology

A
  • Chronic auto-immune disorder
50
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Characterized by

A
  • Erythematosus plaques

- Silvery scale common on ears, scalp, knees, elbows, and genitalia

51
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Course

A
  • Exacerbations and remissions are common
52
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Associate with

A
  • Psoriatic arthritis

- Joint pain typically in small distal joints

53
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Etiological factors

A
  • Hereditary
  • Associated immune disorders
  • Certain Drugs
54
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Precipitating Factors

A
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Pregnancy
  • Endocrine changes
  • Cold weather
  • Smoking
  • Anxiety/stress
55
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Management

A
  • Topical preparations

- Immunosuppresive drugs

56
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Daily Care

A
  • Non-fragrant soaps
  • Lotions immediately following bathing
  • Avoid irritants like brisk drying, sunlight exposure, remove chlorine immediately after swimming
57
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus

A
  • Chronic, progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder of connective tissues.
  • Characterized by red rash with raised, red, scaly plaques.
58
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Discoid

A
  • Affects only skin
  • Flare ups with sun exposure
  • Lesions can resolve or cause atrophy
  • Permanent scarring
  • Hypopigmentation
  • Hyperpigmentation
59
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Systemic

A
  • Affects multiple organ systems
  • Can be fatal
  • Commonly effects young women
60
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Systemic: Symtpoms

A
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • BUTTERFLY RASH ACROSS BRIDGE OF NOSE
  • Arthritis
  • Skin rashes
  • Photosensitivity
  • Raynaud’s disease
61
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Medical Management

A
  • Discoid: Topical treatment

- Systemic: Immunosuppressant agents

62
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Physical Therapy

A
  • Skin Care
  • Prevention of reconditioning
  • Prevention of secondary MSK impairments
  • Joint pan relief
63
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma

A
  • Chronic autoimmune disorder of connective tissue causing fibrosis of skin, joints, blood vessels, and organs
  • Skin is taut, firm, edematous, firmly bonds to subcutaneous tissues.
64
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Limited Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma

A
  • Symmetrical skin involvement of distal extremities and face.
  • Slow progression of skin changes
  • Late visceral and pulmonary hypertension involvement
65
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma

A
  • Symmetrical widespread skin involvement of distal and proximal extremities, face, and trunk.
  • Rapid progression of skin changes
  • Early visceral involvement
  • Kidney’s, Heart, and Lungs typically involved
66
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma: Physical Therapy

A
  • Slow development of contractors and deformities
  • Skin management
  • Exercise and joint protection
67
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma: Precautions

A
  • Sclerosed Skin
  • Sensitive to Pressure
  • Acute hypertension
  • Stress regular blood pressure checks
  • Vital signs monitoring
  • Pulmonary hypertension can cause right sided heart failure in some cases
68
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis

A
  • Polymyositis: Autoimmune myopathies characterized by degeneration of proximal muscles.
  • Affects primarily proximal muscles, shoulder and pelvic girdles, neck, pharynx, symmetrical distribution.
69
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis

A
  • Dermatomyositis: Polymyositis+Skin rash
  • Different immunologically from PM but similar presentation
  • Sclerodactyly and Interstitial Lung disease commonly seen with DM but not specific to it
70
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Etiology

A
  • Etiology unknown
71
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Onset

A
  • Variable

- Can be rapid and severe

72
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Comorbidities

A
  • Cardiac and pulmonary involvement
73
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Physical Therapy

A
  • Energy conservation
  • Aerobic and resistance exercises avoiding overload
  • Skin care and positioning to avoid pressure injuries
  • Monitor for effects of steroid induced pathologies
74
Q

Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Red Flag

A
  • Additional muscle fiber damage may result with too much exercise.
  • Contractures and pressure injuries may result from prolonged bed rest and inactivity.
75
Q

Skin Trauma: Contusion

A
  • Injury in which skin is not broken
  • Bruise
  • Immediate application of cold may limit effects
76
Q

Skin Trauma: Ecchymosis

A
  • Bluish discoloration of skin
  • Extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues.
  • Results from trauma to underlying blood vessels or fragile vessel walls.
77
Q

Skin Trauma: Petechiae

A
  • Tiny red or purple hemmorhagic spots on the skin.
78
Q

Skin Trauma: Abrasion

A
  • Scraping away of skin due to injury or mechanical abrasion
79
Q

Skin Trauma: Laceration

A
  • An irregular tear of skin that produces a torn, jagged wound.

National Physical Therapy Examination: Integumentary (35 decks)

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