Integumentary: Common Skin Disorders Flashcards
Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Allergic/Contact Dermatitis
- Poison Ivy
- Harsh soaps
- Chemicals
- Adhesive Tape
Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Actinic
- Photosensitivity
- Reaction to UV light
Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Atopic
- Etiology Unknown
- Associated with:
- Allergic
- Hereditary
- Psychological disorders
Dermatitis/Eczema: Stages: Acute
- Oozing Crusting Rash, Red
- Extensive Erosions
- Exudate
- Pruritic vesicles
Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Subacute
- Erythematosus
- Scaling, scattered plaques
Dermatitis/Eczema: Causes: Chronic
- Thickened skin
- Increased skin
- Marking secondary to scratching
- Fibrotic plaques and nodules
- Post inflammatory pigmentation changes
- Can be relapsing
Dermatitis/Eczema: Precautions/Contraindications
- Some physical therapy modalities
- Alcohol
Dermatitis/Eczema: Medical Management
- Target Inflammation and eliminate triggers
- Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines
- Daily care: Mild-non fragrant soaps, lotions pithing 5 minutes of bathing
Bacterial Infections: Etiology
- Bacteria enter through pores of skin
- Some may be antibiotic resistant
Bacterial Infections: Impetigo
- Superficial skin infection caused by staphylococci
- Associated with inflammation of pus filled vesicles, itching.
- Highly contagious especially among children nd the elderly.
Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis
- Suppurative inflammation of cellular or connective tissue in or close to the skin
- Tends to be poorly defined and wide spread
- Can be contagious
- Skin red, hot, and edematous
Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Management
- Antibiotics
- Elevation of the part
- Cool wet dressings
Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Co-morbidities
- Lymphangitis
- Gangrene
- Abscess
- Sepsis
Bacterial Infections: Cellulitis: Populations at Risk
- Elderly
- Individuals with diabetes
- Wounds
- Malnutrition
- Steroid Therapy
Bacterial Infections: Abscess
- A cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue
- The result of localized infection
- Healing via draining or incising abscess
Viral Infections: Herpes (1) Simplex
- Itching or soreness, followed by vesicular eruption, of the skin on the face or mouth
- A cold sore, fever or blister
- Spread by contact
Viral Infections: Herpes (1) Simplex: Treatment
- Antiviral therapy
- No close contact until there are no new lesions
- Lesions are dry for several days
Viral Infections: Herpes 2
- Common cause of vesicular genital eruption
- Spread by sexual contact
- In newborns may cause meningoencephalitis, may be fatal.
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Etiology
- Caused by varicella zoster
- Lies dormant for several years
- Impacts the Cerebral ganglia or ganglia of the posterior nerve roots.
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Presentation
- Pain and tingling effecting spinal or cranial nerve dermatome
- Progress to papule along distribution of infected nerve.
- Progress to vesicles along infected dermatome
- Can be accompanied by GI disturbance
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Cranial Nerve Involvement
- CN III: Ocular complications
- CN V: Eye pain, corneal damage, loss of vision
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Postherpetic Neuralgic Pain
- May be intermittent or constant
- Last weeks
- Occasionally lasts years
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Management
- Antiviral drugs
- Symptomatic treatment for itching
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Populations at Risk
- Those who have not had chickenpox
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Contraindicaions
- Heat
- Ultrasound
- Can increase severity of symtpoms
Viral Infections: Herpes Zoster/Shingles: Vaccination
-Those over the age of 50 should get a vaccine
Viral Infections: Warts
- Common benign infection by human papilloma virus
- Transmission through direct contact
Viral Infections: Warts: Common Warts
- Hands and fingers
Viral Infections: Warts: Plantar Warts
- On pressure points on feet
Viral Infections: Warts: Managament
- Cryotherapy
- Acids
- Electrodessication and curettage
- Over the counter medications
Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Etiology
- Fungal infection of the hair skin or nails
- Ring shaped patches with vesicles or scales
- Itchy, transmission through direct contact
Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Treatment
- Topical or oral anti fungal drugs
- Lasts for weeks to months even after symptoms subside
Fungal Infections: Tinea Corporis/Ringowrm: Side Effects
- Headache
- GI issues
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Photosensitivity
- Liver function is monitored
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot
- Fungal infection of the foot, typically between he toes
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Causes
- Erythema
- Inflammation
- Pruritis
- Itching
- Pain
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Treatment
- Anti-fungal creams
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Progression if not treated
- Bacterial infections
- Cellulitis
Fungal Infections: Tinea Pedis/Athletes Foot: Transmission
- Person to person
- Observe standard precautions
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Etiology
- Common in skin folds due to moisture
- More susceptible of immunocompromised
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Oral
- Oral patches
- Redness
- Soreness
- Pain
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Genital
- Erythema
- Inflammation
- Itching
- Burning
- Urination
- White discharge
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Symptoms: Topical
- Redness
- Rash
- Soreness
Candidiasis/Yeast Infections: Treatment
- Reduce skin moisture
- Antifungal
- Ointment
- Potentially silver infused ointments for skin folds
Parasitic Infections: Scabies/Mites
- Burrow into skin
- Cause inflammation
- Itching
- Pruritis
- Hives
Parasitic Infections: Scabies/Mites: Treatment
- Scabicide
Parasitic Infections: Lice/Pediculosis
- A parasite that infects body with:
- Bite marks
- Redness
- Nits
Parasitic Infections: Lice/Pediculosis: Treatment
- Special soap or shampoo
Parasitic Infections: Transmission
- Person to person
- Avoid direct contact, observe standard precautions
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Etiology
- Chronic auto-immune disorder
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Characterized by
- Erythematosus plaques
- Silvery scale common on ears, scalp, knees, elbows, and genitalia
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Course
- Exacerbations and remissions are common
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Associate with
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Joint pain typically in small distal joints
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Etiological factors
- Hereditary
- Associated immune disorders
- Certain Drugs
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Precipitating Factors
- Trauma
- Infection
- Pregnancy
- Endocrine changes
- Cold weather
- Smoking
- Anxiety/stress
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Management
- Topical preparations
- Immunosuppresive drugs
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Psoriasis: Daily Care
- Non-fragrant soaps
- Lotions immediately following bathing
- Avoid irritants like brisk drying, sunlight exposure, remove chlorine immediately after swimming
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus
- Chronic, progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder of connective tissues.
- Characterized by red rash with raised, red, scaly plaques.
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Discoid
- Affects only skin
- Flare ups with sun exposure
- Lesions can resolve or cause atrophy
- Permanent scarring
- Hypopigmentation
- Hyperpigmentation
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Systemic
- Affects multiple organ systems
- Can be fatal
- Commonly effects young women
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Systemic: Symtpoms
- Fever
- Malaise
- BUTTERFLY RASH ACROSS BRIDGE OF NOSE
- Arthritis
- Skin rashes
- Photosensitivity
- Raynaud’s disease
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Medical Management
- Discoid: Topical treatment
- Systemic: Immunosuppressant agents
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Lupus Erythematosus: Physical Therapy
- Skin Care
- Prevention of reconditioning
- Prevention of secondary MSK impairments
- Joint pan relief
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma
- Chronic autoimmune disorder of connective tissue causing fibrosis of skin, joints, blood vessels, and organs
- Skin is taut, firm, edematous, firmly bonds to subcutaneous tissues.
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Limited Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma
- Symmetrical skin involvement of distal extremities and face.
- Slow progression of skin changes
- Late visceral and pulmonary hypertension involvement
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma
- Symmetrical widespread skin involvement of distal and proximal extremities, face, and trunk.
- Rapid progression of skin changes
- Early visceral involvement
- Kidney’s, Heart, and Lungs typically involved
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma: Physical Therapy
- Slow development of contractors and deformities
- Skin management
- Exercise and joint protection
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma: Precautions
- Sclerosed Skin
- Sensitive to Pressure
- Acute hypertension
- Stress regular blood pressure checks
- Vital signs monitoring
- Pulmonary hypertension can cause right sided heart failure in some cases
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
- Polymyositis: Autoimmune myopathies characterized by degeneration of proximal muscles.
- Affects primarily proximal muscles, shoulder and pelvic girdles, neck, pharynx, symmetrical distribution.
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
- Dermatomyositis: Polymyositis+Skin rash
- Different immunologically from PM but similar presentation
- Sclerodactyly and Interstitial Lung disease commonly seen with DM but not specific to it
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Etiology
- Etiology unknown
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Onset
- Variable
- Can be rapid and severe
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Comorbidities
- Cardiac and pulmonary involvement
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Physical Therapy
- Energy conservation
- Aerobic and resistance exercises avoiding overload
- Skin care and positioning to avoid pressure injuries
- Monitor for effects of steroid induced pathologies
Immune Disorders of the Skin: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Red Flag
- Additional muscle fiber damage may result with too much exercise.
- Contractures and pressure injuries may result from prolonged bed rest and inactivity.
Skin Trauma: Contusion
- Injury in which skin is not broken
- Bruise
- Immediate application of cold may limit effects
Skin Trauma: Ecchymosis
- Bluish discoloration of skin
- Extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues.
- Results from trauma to underlying blood vessels or fragile vessel walls.
Skin Trauma: Petechiae
- Tiny red or purple hemmorhagic spots on the skin.
Skin Trauma: Abrasion
- Scraping away of skin due to injury or mechanical abrasion
Skin Trauma: Laceration
- An irregular tear of skin that produces a torn, jagged wound.
