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ANATOMY Q1 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Largest system of the body

A

Integument

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2
Q

The integumentary system is made up of what two parts

A

Cutaneous membrane

Accessory structures

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3
Q

Cutaneous membrane (skin) consists of what two types of tissues

A

1) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

2) areolar (papillary layer of dermis)

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4
Q

Two components of cutaneous membrane

A

1) Epidermis (outer)

2) Dermis (inner)

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5
Q

Names for subcutaneous layer

A

Superficial fascia or hypodermis

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6
Q

Subcutaneous layer is located below what

A

Dermis

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7
Q

Subcutaneous layer (superficial fascia or hypodermis) is made of what type of tissue

A

Loose connective tissue

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8
Q

Functions of the skin

A

Protects (tissues and organs)
Excretes (salt, water, wastes)
Maintains (temperature - insulation and evaporation)
Synthesizes (Vit D)
Stores (lipids)
Detects (pressure, pain, temperature)

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9
Q

Type of tissue of epidermis

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular

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11
Q

Nutrients and O2 diffuse from what tissues into the epidermis

A

Dermis

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12
Q

Cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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13
Q

Most abundant cells in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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14
Q

Epidermis has how many strata of keratinocytes

A

5

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15
Q

Name the five strata of the epidermis

A

Stratum:

Germinativum
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum
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16
Q

Name the 4 types of cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
Langerhans’
Melanocytes
Merkel

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17
Q

Stratum germinativum is also known as

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

The germinative layer is the

A

Stratum germiativum

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19
Q

Which strata has many stem or basal cells

A

Stratum germinativum

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20
Q

Of the structure of the epidermis, what strata builds a strong bond with the epidermis and dermis

A

Stratum germinatiu, (basale)

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21
Q

Forms epidermal ridges

A

Strata Germinativum (Stratum Basale)

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22
Q

Responsible for increasing the area of the basal lamina

A

Dermal papillae

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23
Q

Responsible for the strengthening the attachment between the epidermis and dermis

A

Dermal papillae

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24
Q

Layer of dead, protective cells made up of

A

Cells filled with keratin

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25
Q

Keratinization occurs on all exposed skin surfaces except

A

Eyes

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26
Q

Days for epidermis to move from Stratum Germinativum to the Stratum Corneum

A

15-30 days

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27
Q

Keratinization is the process in which the epidermis

A

Moves from the stratum germinativum to the stratum corneum and then forms a layer of dead, protective cells filled with keratin

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28
Q

Cells that make the majority of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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29
Q

Cells of the epidermis containing macrophages

A

Langerhans’

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30
Q

Cells of the epidermis that protect against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens

A

Langerhans

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31
Q

Melanocytes are located in what stratum of the epidermis

A

Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

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32
Q

Pigment producing cells of the epidermis

A

Melanocytes

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33
Q

Cells of the epidermis responsible for sense of touch

A

Merkel

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34
Q

Cells that produce Vitamin D

A

Epidermal cells

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35
Q

Vitamin D aids in the absorption of what to compounds

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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36
Q

Disease causes by insufficient Vitamin D

A

Rickets

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37
Q

Responsible for anchoring accessory structures (hair, sweat glands) of the epidermis

A

Dermis

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38
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A 
Papillary layer (outer)
Reticular layer (deep)
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39
Q

Reticular layer of dermis is made up of what tissue

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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40
Q

Reticular layer is considered the deep or outer layer of the dermis

A

Deep

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41
Q

Papillary layer of the dermis is made from what type of tissue

A

Areolar

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42
Q

Dermis layer consisting of collagen and elastic fibers

A

Reticular layer

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43
Q

Fibers present in the dermis

A

Collagen fibers and elastic fibers (reticular layer)

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44
Q

Fibers of the dermis that provide the most flexibility

A

Collagen (resist stretching but bend easily)

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45
Q

Fibers of the dermis that permit stretching and then recoil to original strength

A

Elastic

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46
Q

Fibers in the dermis that limit the flexibility of collagen (to prevent damage)

A

Elastic

47
Q

Terms used for flexibility and resilience of the dermis

A

Skin turgor

48
Q

Monitors Merkel cells in the dermis

A

Tactile discs

49
Q

Nerves that innervate the dermis control what three functions

A

Blood flow
Gland secretions
Sensory receptors

50
Q

Exocrine glands of the skin

A

Sebaceous

Sweat

51
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete

A

Sebum

52
Q

Sebaceous glands are considered what type of glands

A

Holocrine

53
Q

Sweat glands consists of what two types of glands

A

Apocrine

Merocrine (eccrine)

54
Q

Sweat glands are responsible for what type of secretions

A

Watery

55
Q

Two functions of sebum

A

Lubricates and protects

Inhibits bacteria

56
Q

Sebaceous follicles

A

Discharge directly on skin surface

Produce sebum

57
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are located

A

Armpits
Nipples
Groin

58
Q

Apocrine glands secrete products into

A

Hair follicles

59
Q

Produce sticky, cloudy secretions that cause odors when broken down

A

Apocrine

60
Q

Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands are located

A

Widely distributed throughout the body

61
Q

Merocrine sweat glands are concentrated especially on what two parts of the body

A

Palms and soles of feet

62
Q

Merocrine glands secrete (discharge) where

A

Skin surface

63
Q

Glands that cool skin, excretes water and electrolytes, flushes toxins/pathogens from skin

A

Merocrine (eccrine)

64
Q

Integumentary Glands

A

Sebaceous
Sweat
Mammary
Ceruminous

65
Q

Earwax is produced by what integumentary gland

A

Ceruminous gland

66
Q

Function of the ceruminous glands

A

Protect the eardrum

67
Q

Hypodermis is also considered the

A

Subcutaneous layer

68
Q

Two tissues that make up the subcutaneous layer

A

Elastic areolar

Adipose tissue

69
Q

Hypodermis is connected to the what layer of the dermis

A

Reticular layer

70
Q

Hypodermis is connected to the reticular layer of the dermis by what type of fiber

A

Connective tissue fibers

71
Q

Few capillaries and no vital organs in this layer

A

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

72
Q

Hypodermic needles used for injections

A

In subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

73
Q

Responsible for pink color of skin

A

Hemoglobin

74
Q

Skin reddens when blood vessels

A

Dilate

75
Q

Bluish skin color is referred to as

A

Cyanosis

76
Q

Melanocytes produce

A

Melanin

77
Q

Melanin provides protection from

A

UV light

78
Q

Found in stratum corneum

A

Carotene (produces yellowish tint to skin)

79
Q

Jaundice caused by

A

Buildup of bile in the liver

80
Q

Gland involved in Addison’s disease

A

Pituitary gland

81
Q

Two other names for tension lines

A

Cleavage or Langer

82
Q

Tension lines run transversely in what areas of the body

A

Neck and trunk

83
Q

Tension lines run longitudinally in what area of the body

A

Limbs

84
Q

Skins wrinkles are result of

A

Deteriorating elastic fibers that are not replaced

85
Q

L. retinacula cutis refers to

A

Skin ligaments

86
Q

Burns can be caused by

A

Temperature, UV, ionizing radiation, chemicals

87
Q

Burns classified on

A

Depth and need for surgical intervention

88
Q

Most severe burn

A

4th degree (numbers not used to classify other burns)

89
Q

Percentage of body to be burned to be considered severe

A

20%

90
Q

Classifications of burns uses what rule

A

Rule of nines

91
Q

Risk of death by burns increased by what three factors

A

1) age > 60
2) > 40% surface area burns (partial-thickness and full-thickness)
3) inhalation injury

92
Q

L. fasciae

A

Fascias

93
Q

Tissue type of deep fascia

A

Dense, organized connective tissue (no fat)

94
Q

Constitute wrapping, packing and insulting

A

Fascia

95
Q

Cloaked sacs or envelopes of synovial membrane

A

Bursae

96
Q

Specialized type of elongated bursae that around wrap around tendons

A

Synovial tendon sheaths

97
Q

Delicate, serous membranes that are collapsed

A

Bursae

98
Q

Most severe burn classification

A

4th degree

99
Q

delicate connective tissue membrane capable of secreting fluid to lubricate a smooth internal surface

A

bursae

100
Q

bursae are closed sacs or envelopes of what type of membrane

A

synovial

101
Q

facilitates movements over tendons over bone

A

subtendinous bursae

102
Q

lies beneath the deep fascia

A

subfascial bursae

103
Q

occurs in the subcutaneous tissue between the skin and bony prominences

A

subcutaneous bursae

104
Q

elongated bursae that wrap around tendons, enclose tendons that transverse osseofibrous tunnels that anchros tendons in place

A

synovial tendon sheaths

105
Q

communicate with synovial cavities of joints

A

bursae

106
Q

responsible for goose bumps

A

arrector muscle of hair follicule

107
Q

layer in considered to be the skin

A

hypodermis

108
Q

Cutaneous membrane of skin

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

aerolar (dermis - papillary layer)

109
Q

Skin

A

keratinized stratified squamous epitheliuem
aerolar (dermis)
reticular (dermis)

110
Q

Dead cells, represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin; glycolipids in extracellular space

A

stratum corneum

111
Q

Flattened cells; organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules

A

stratum granulosum

112
Q

contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

A

stratum spinosum

113
Q

cells actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers

A

stratum basale

ANATOMY Q1 (14 decks)

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