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ANATOMY Q1 > Embryonic Period > Flashcards

Embryonic Period Flashcards

1
Q

Process completed once sperm cell enters secondary oocyte

A

Meiosis II

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2
Q

Mature egg

A

Ovum

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3
Q

Pronuclei (plural for pronucleus)

A

Nucleus of the sperm or the ovum during fertilization, before genetic materials fuse

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4
Q

Process to be completed once sperm enters secondary oocyte

A

Meiosis II

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5
Q

Diploid

A

Two haploids

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6
Q

Zygote (cell type)

A

Diploid (two haploids that merge together)

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7
Q

Zygote

A

1st embryonic stage

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8
Q

Fertilization takes place in part of the body

A

Uterine tubes

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9
Q

Zygote lives in uterine tube for how many days

A

4-5 days

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10
Q

Cleavage

A

Division of zygote (by mitosis)

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11
Q

Cells produced by cleavage

A

Blastomeres

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12
Q

Cleavage of zygote (day, stage)

A

Day 1 after fertilization; two-cell stage

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13
Q

Cleavage of zygote (day, stage)

A

Day 2 after fertilization; four-cell stage

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14
Q

Morula (day)

A

Day 3-4 after fertilization

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15
Q

Blastocyst (day)

A

Day 5 after fertilization

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16
Q

Describe a morula

A

Solid ball of cells

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17
Q

Describe blastocyst

A

Hollow ball of cells

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18
Q

Implantation (Day, Location)

A

Day 5 after fertilization, uterine tubes

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19
Q

Part of endometrium that is modified after implantation

A

Decidua basalis

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20
Q

Blastocyst inner cell mass

A

Embryoblast

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21
Q

Blastocyst (outer layer)

A

Trophoblast

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22
Q

Implantation of blastocyst (day, location)

A

Day 7-8 after fertilization, endometrium (uterus)

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23
Q

Fertilization occurs

A

12-24 hours after ovulation

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24
Q

Part of blastocyst that attaches to endometrium (uterus) during implementation

A

Embryoblast (inner cell mass)

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25
Q

Blastocyst changes during implementation (Day 8)

A

Trophoblast > Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast

Embryoblast > Epiblast and Amnion forming (amniotic cavity)

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26
Q

Bilaminar embryonic disc (consists of what layers)

A

Hypoblast

Epiblast

27
Q

Inner membrane formed in the blastocyst cavity at implementation

A

Exocoelomic membrane

28
Q

Maternal sinusoids chorion (consists of what three parts)

A

1) extraembryonic mesoderm
2) syncytiotrophoblast
3) cytotrophoblast

29
Q

Exocoelomic membrane surrounds

A

Yolk sac

30
Q

Yolk sac formed

A

Day 9

31
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm (part of)

A

Maternal sinusoids chorion

32
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm forms (day)

A

Day 12 after fertilization

33
Q

4 extraembryonic membranes

A

Yolk sac
Amnion
Allantosis
Chorion

34
Q

Trilaminar embryonic disc cells become

A

Fetus

35
Q

Innermost membrane (4 extraembryonic membranes)

A

Amnion

36
Q

Becomes the site of early blood formation (4 extraembryonic membranes)

A

Yolk sac

37
Q

Forms fetal portion of placenta (4 extraembryonic membranes)

A

Chorion

38
Q

Takes over production of hCG (4 extraembryonic membranes)

A

Chorion

39
Q

Helps form the umbilical cord (4 extraembryonic membranes)

A

Allantosis

40
Q

Continues to rescue the corpus luteum from degeneration, sustains secretion of progesterone and estrogens

A

Chorion

41
Q

Placenta is formed by what part of the embryo and endometrium

A 
Chorionic villi (embryo)
Decidua basalis (endometrium)
42
Q

Trilaminar embryonic discs

A

Ectoderm (outer)
Mesoderm (middle)
Endoderm (inner)

43
Q

Process of gastrulation

A

Formation of three germ layers

44
Q

Three germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

45
Q

Crainocaudal axis (germ layer)

A

Ectoderm

46
Q

Medial/lateral & dorsoventral (germ layer)

A

Mesoderm

47
Q

Ventral (germ layer)

A

Endoderm

48
Q

Primitive node & streak (germ layer)

A

Ectoderm

49
Q

Notochord, somites (germ layer)

A

Mesoderm

50
Q

Ectoderm (derivatives)

A

Nervous system, neural crest, epithelium

51
Q

Mesoderm (derivatives)

A

Skeletal muscle and connective tissue

52
Q

Endoderm (derivatives)

A

Gut, pharyngeal apparatus & allantosis

53
Q

Ectoderm (derivatives)

A

Brain, nerves, skin, sweat glands, hair

54
Q

Mesoderm (derivatives)

A

Mesenchyme (loosely organized connective tissue) that forms

blood, muscles, bones, and other connective tissue derivatives (kidneys, bladder, ovaries, testes, heart muscle)

55
Q

Endoderm (derivatives)

A

Epithelial lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract, and organs (lungs, liver, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, intestines)

Endothelial lining of blood vessels

56
Q

Meiosis II

A

Secondary oocyte > ovum and polar body > pronuclei fuse

57
Q

Mitotic division

A

Cleavage

58
Q

Steps in the embryonic period

A 
Embryogenesis
Cleavage (day 1)
Blastulation (day 3-4)
Implementation (day 7-8)
Gastrulation
59
Q

Process of forming three primordial germ layers

A

Gastrulation

60
Q

Responsible for maintaining uterine environments and preparing mammary glands for breast feeding

A

Placenta

61
Q

Why is the placenta unique

A

Develops in both mother and fetus

62
Q

Job of the placenta for the fetus

A

Nutrient and waste management

63
Q

Takes over homogeneous secretion

A

Placenta

64
Q

Hormones produced by the placenta

A

hCG, estrogen, progesterone

ANATOMY Q1 (14 decks)

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