Embryonic Period

Question 1

Process completed once sperm cell enters secondary oocyte

Answer 1

Meiosis II

Question 2

Mature egg

Answer 2

Ovum

Question 3

Pronuclei (plural for pronucleus)

Answer 3

Nucleus of the sperm or the ovum during fertilization, before genetic materials fuse

Question 4

Process to be completed once sperm enters secondary oocyte

Answer 4

Meiosis II

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

Two haploids

Question 6

Zygote (cell type)

Answer 6

Diploid (two haploids that merge together)

Question 7

Zygote

Answer 7

1st embryonic stage

Question 8

Fertilization takes place in part of the body

Answer 8

Uterine tubes

Question 9

Zygote lives in uterine tube for how many days

Answer 9

4-5 days

Question 10

Cleavage

Answer 10

Division of zygote (by mitosis)

Question 11

Cells produced by cleavage

Answer 11

Blastomeres

Question 12

Cleavage of zygote (day, stage)

Answer 12

Day 1 after fertilization; two-cell stage

Question 13

Cleavage of zygote (day, stage)

Answer 13

Day 2 after fertilization; four-cell stage

Question 14

Morula (day)

Answer 14

Day 3-4 after fertilization

Question 15

Blastocyst (day)

Answer 15

Day 5 after fertilization

Question 16

Describe a morula

Answer 16

Solid ball of cells

Question 17

Describe blastocyst

Answer 17

Hollow ball of cells

Question 18

Implantation (Day, Location)

Answer 18

Day 5 after fertilization, uterine tubes

Question 19

Part of endometrium that is modified after implantation

Answer 19

Decidua basalis

Question 20

Blastocyst inner cell mass

Answer 20

Embryoblast

Question 21

Blastocyst (outer layer)

Answer 21

Trophoblast

Question 22

Implantation of blastocyst (day, location)

Answer 22

Day 7-8 after fertilization, endometrium (uterus)

Question 23

Fertilization occurs

Answer 23

12-24 hours after ovulation

Question 24

Part of blastocyst that attaches to endometrium (uterus) during implementation

Answer 24

Embryoblast (inner cell mass)

Question 25

Blastocyst changes during implementation (Day 8)

Answer 25

Trophoblast > Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast Embryoblast > Epiblast and Amnion forming (amniotic cavity)

Question 26

Bilaminar embryonic disc (consists of what layers)

Answer 26

Hypoblast | Epiblast

Question 27

Inner membrane formed in the blastocyst cavity at implementation

Answer 27

Exocoelomic membrane

Question 28

Maternal sinusoids chorion (consists of what three parts)

Answer 28

1) extraembryonic mesoderm 2) syncytiotrophoblast 3) cytotrophoblast

Question 29

Exocoelomic membrane surrounds

Answer 29

Yolk sac

Question 30

Yolk sac formed

Answer 30

Day 9

Question 31

Extraembryonic mesoderm (part of)

Answer 31

Maternal sinusoids chorion

Question 32

Extraembryonic mesoderm forms (day)

Answer 32

Day 12 after fertilization

Question 33

4 extraembryonic membranes

Answer 33

Yolk sac Amnion Allantosis Chorion

Question 34

Trilaminar embryonic disc cells become

Answer 34

Fetus

Question 35

Innermost membrane (4 extraembryonic membranes)

Answer 35

Amnion

Question 36

Becomes the site of early blood formation (4 extraembryonic membranes)

Answer 36

Yolk sac

Question 37

Forms fetal portion of placenta (4 extraembryonic membranes)

Answer 37

Chorion

Question 38

Takes over production of hCG (4 extraembryonic membranes)

Answer 38

Chorion

Question 39

Helps form the umbilical cord (4 extraembryonic membranes)

Answer 39

Allantosis

Question 40

Continues to rescue the corpus luteum from degeneration, sustains secretion of progesterone and estrogens

Answer 40

Chorion

Question 41

Placenta is formed by what part of the embryo and endometrium

Answer 41

``` Chorionic villi (embryo) Decidua basalis (endometrium) ```

Question 42

Trilaminar embryonic discs

Answer 42

Ectoderm (outer) Mesoderm (middle) Endoderm (inner)

Question 43

Process of gastrulation

Answer 43

Formation of three germ layers

Question 44

Three germ layers

Answer 44

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Question 45

Crainocaudal axis (germ layer)

Answer 45

Ectoderm

Question 46

Medial/lateral & dorsoventral (germ layer)

Answer 46

Mesoderm

Question 47

Ventral (germ layer)

Answer 47

Endoderm

Question 48

Primitive node & streak (germ layer)

Answer 48

Ectoderm

Question 49

Notochord, somites (germ layer)

Answer 49

Mesoderm

Question 50

Ectoderm (derivatives)

Answer 50

Nervous system, neural crest, epithelium

Question 51

Mesoderm (derivatives)

Answer 51

Skeletal muscle and connective tissue

Question 52

Endoderm (derivatives)

Answer 52

Gut, pharyngeal apparatus & allantosis

Question 53

Ectoderm (derivatives)

Answer 53

Brain, nerves, skin, sweat glands, hair

Question 54

Mesoderm (derivatives)

Answer 54

Mesenchyme (loosely organized connective tissue) that forms blood, muscles, bones, and other connective tissue derivatives (kidneys, bladder, ovaries, testes, heart muscle)

Question 55

Endoderm (derivatives)

Answer 55

Epithelial lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract, and organs (lungs, liver, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, intestines) Endothelial lining of blood vessels

Question 56

Meiosis II

Answer 56

Secondary oocyte > ovum and polar body > pronuclei fuse

Question 57

Mitotic division

Answer 57

Cleavage

Question 58

Steps in the embryonic period

Answer 58

``` Embryogenesis Cleavage (day 1) Blastulation (day 3-4) Implementation (day 7-8) Gastrulation ```

Question 59

Process of forming three primordial germ layers

Answer 59

Gastrulation

Question 60

Responsible for maintaining uterine environments and preparing mammary glands for breast feeding

Answer 60

Placenta

Question 61

Why is the placenta unique

Answer 61

Develops in both mother and fetus

Question 62

Job of the placenta for the fetus

Answer 62

Nutrient and waste management

Question 63

Takes over homogeneous secretion

Answer 63

Placenta

Question 64

Hormones produced by the placenta

Answer 64

hCG, estrogen, progesterone