ANS Flashcards
part of the nervous system that can generate parasympathetic signals
craniosacral > brain stem and sacrum
parasympathetic synapse length
presynaptic (LONG)
postsynaptic (SHORT)
enteric nervous system is increasingly being considered as a separate component of the
visceral nervous system
ganglia and peripheral nerves originate from
neural crest
sympathetic synapse length
presynaptic (SHORT)
postsynaptic (LONG)
cell bodies (postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of the trunk) are located
in or on the structure being innervated
norepinephrine is released from the parasympathetic or sympathetic ganglionic fibers
sympathetic (long > target)
diaphragm is innervated from
cervical plexus
the sympathetic nervous system primarily regulates
blood vessels
somatic motor system supplies
skeletal muscle
parasympathetic
rest and digest
cell body that innverates the somatic motor system is located in
anterior gray horn
cell bodies (postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of the head) are
organized into discrete ganglia
preganglionic fiber in the parasympathetic is short or long
long
cell bodies that innervate the ANS are located
lateral horn of the spinal cord (preganglionic)
ganglion (postganglionic)
what are the three sacral nerves (of the thoracolumbar)
sacral (S2-S4) - reproductive organs and urinary bladder
brain and spinal cord originate from
neural tube
homeostasis carried by two systems
endocrine and nervous system
ANS vs Somatic
2 motor neurons vs 1 motor neuron
the sympathetic nervous system facilitates
emergency flight or flight responses
an example of antagonist effects of dual control
heart (same effector): speeds up or down
iris (different effector): pupillary dilator or constrictor
cell bodies (presynaptic neurons of parasympathetic divison) are in the gray matter of
the brain and sacral segments of the spinal cord
part of the nervous system that can generate sympathetic signals
thoracolumbar > lumbar and thoracic (T1-L2)
most nerves distributing AN fibers also convey
visceral sensory nerve fibers from the viscera and conduct impulses for pains and reflexes
what connects the CNS with an end organ (smooth muscle, gland, modified cardiac muscle)
two neurons, presynaptic and a postsynaptic fiber
the ANS controls
functions of the body not under conscious control
What controls the ANS?
the hypothalamus
hypothalamus also controls
hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, emotions and sexuality
where do the presynaptic nerve fibers terminate in
sympathetic ganglia (formed of the cell bodies of postsynaptic sympathetic neurons)
sympathetic
fight or flight
control without dual innervation
blood pressure
enteric nervous system includes
postsynaptic parasympathetic and
other neurons that serve the GI tract
the parasympathetic system is distributed only to (4 places)
viscera of the head
viscera of the neck
cavities of the trunk
erectile tissues of the genitalia
most nerves distributing autonomic nerve fibers > body cavities, also convey
visceral sensory nerve fibers from the viscera that conduct impulses for pain or reflexes
ANS has what type of innervation
dual (excitatory and inhibitory)
preganglionic neuron (sympathetic and parasympathetic) is located in the
CNS
divisions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic have
opposite but coordinated effects
the ANS is a subdivision of the
motor nervous system
preganglionic fiber in the sympathetic is short or long
short
main neurotransmitter released from preganglionic neurons
acetylcholine
where are the sympathetic ganglia located
sympathetic trunks (paravertebral ganglia) or abdominal aorta (prevertebral ganglia) - around the roots of the major branches
presynaptic cell bodies of the sympathetic division are found
only in the interomediolateral cell columns of gray matter in the thoracolumbar spinal cord, organized somatotopically
the ANS can be divided into two subdivisions
sympathetic and parasympathetic
somatic nervous system controlled by
motor cortex
what are the four major cranial nerves (of the craniosacral)
cranial III, VII, IX, X (3,7,9,10) - occulomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
ANS supplies
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
the parasympathetic system is involved with
body conservation and often reverses the effects of sympathetic stimulation
norepinephrine and epinephrine are released from the parasympathetic or sympathetic ganglionic fibers
sympathetic (short > blood vessel > target)
two places where sympathetic and parasympathetic cooperate
1) salivary glands
2) sexual intercourse
