Heart

Question 1

pericardium (two components)

Answer 1

fibrous and serous

Question 2

serous pericardium is made of what three parts

Answer 2

parietal
visceral
pericardial cavity

Question 3

arterial supply of pericardium

Answer 3

internal thoracic
musculophrenic
thoracic aorta

Question 4

venous supply of pericardium

Answer 4

tributaries of the brachiocephalic

Question 5

pericardiocentesis should be performed at

Answer 5

5th or 6th intercostal space

Question 6

The 5th or 6th intercostal space is a good location for pericardiocentesis because

Answer 6

cardiac notch (left lung) and shallower notch (left pleural sac) are exposed

Question 7

transverse thoracic plane

Answer 7

at the sternal angles

Question 8

superior mediastinum contains

Answer 8

trachea

upper parts of great vessels

Question 9

inferior mediastinum contains

Answer 9

anterior, middle, posterior parts

Question 10

inferior mediastinum (middle) contains

Answer 10

heart

Question 11

inferior mediastinum (posterior) contains

Answer 11

all structures that vertically transverse the thorax

Question 12

heart chamber three layers

Answer 12

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium (formed from the visceral layer of pericardium)

Question 13

pericardium and heart layers

Answer 13

pericardium 
  fibrous 
  serous parietal
  pericardial cavity 
  serous visceral 
heart
  epicardium (serous visceral pericardium) 
  myocardium
  endocardium (innermost lining inside heart)

Question 14

myocardium (made of)

Answer 14

cardiac muscle cells

connective tissues

Question 15

endocardium (made of)

Answer 15

endothelium

areolar tissue

Question 16

partietal pericardium (made of)

Answer 16

dense fibrous layer
aerolar tissue
mesothelium

Question 17

epicardium - visceral pericardium (made of)

Answer 17

mesothelium

aerolar tissue

Question 18

fibrous skeleton consists of

Answer 18

four fibrous rings (two rings + two coronets)

Question 19

fibrous rings cover what structures in the heart

Answer 19

valve
two trigones
membranous portions (interatrial, interventricular, atriventricular septa)

Question 20

fibrous skeleton of the heart provides

Answer 20

attachment for the leaflets and cusps
attachment for the myocardium
forms an electrical insulator (allow atria and ventricles to contract independently)

Question 21

anterior wall RA

Answer 21

rough, composed of pectinate muscles

Question 22

posterior wall RA

Answer 22

smooth, thin-walled (also called) sinus venarum

Question 23

interior structures inside RA

Answer 23

right AV (atrioventricular) orifice
sulcus terminalis (terminal groove)
crista terminalis (terminal crest)
coronary sinus (opening)
interatrial septum
oval fossa
openings for IVC and SVC

Question 24

posterior wall LA

Answer 24

larger, smooth, thicker-wall than the RA

Question 25

anterior wall LA

Answer 25

smaller auricle containing pectinate muscles

Question 26

interior structures inside LA

Answer 26

four pulmonary veins (entering posteriorly on smooth wall) | interatrial septum

Question 27

heart valves

Answer 27

atrioventricular (AV) | semilunar

Question 28

atrioventricular valves are located

Answer 28

between atria and ventricles

Question 29

blood pressure closes atrioventricular valves during

Answer 29

ventricular contraction

Question 30

prevents atrioventricular valves from swinging into the atria

Answer 30

papillary muscles that tense chordae tendineae

Question 31

what are the semilunar valves

Answer 31

pulmonary and aortic tricuspid valves

Question 32

purposes of the semilunar valves

Answer 32

prevent backflow from pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 33

which valves have no muscle

Answer 33

semilunar (pulmonary and aortic)

Question 34

RCA (right coronary artery) supplies

Answer 34

``` RA RV (most) LV (part - diaphragmatic surface) IV septum (part - posterior one 3rd) SA node (60% population) AV node (80% population) ```

Question 35

LCA (left coronary artery) supplies

Answer 35

``` LA LV (most) RV (part) IV septum (anterior two 3rds - incl AV bundle thru septal branches) SA node (40% population) ```

Question 36

venous drainage

Answer 36

``` coronary sinus (mainly) small veins that enter into RA (partly) ```

Question 37

main vein of the heart

Answer 37

coronary sinus

Question 38

runs along wide venous channel that runs from left to right in posterior part of coronary sulcus

Answer 38

coronary sinus

Question 39

coronary sinus receives what vein(s) from the left end

Answer 39

great cardiac vein

Question 40

coronary sinus receives what vein(s) from the right end

Answer 40

middle cardiac vein | small cardiac vein

Question 41

vein(s) that open into the coronary sinus

Answer 41

left posterior ventricular vein | left marginal vein

Question 42

RCA origin

Answer 42

right aortic sinus

Question 43

RCA anastomoses

Answer 43

circumflex | anterior IV branches of the LCA

Question 44

what originates from RCA

Answer 44

SA nodal (in 60%) RT marginal posterior IV AV nodal (67%)

Question 45

RCA RT marginal anastomoses

Answer 45

IV branches

Question 46

LCA origin

Answer 46

left aortic sinus

Question 47

what originates from the LCA

Answer 47

``` SA nodal (circumflex branch - 40%) anterior IV circumflex left marginal (circumflex branch) posterior IV (33%) ```

Question 48

RCA posterior IV anastomoses

Answer 48

anterior IV branch of LCA

Question 49

LCA anastomoses with

Answer 49

RCA

Question 50

LCA anterior IV anastomoses

Answer 50

posterior IV branch of RCA

Question 51

LCA circumflex anastomoses

Answer 51

RCA

Question 52

LCA LT marginal anastomoses

Answer 52

IV branches

Question 53

LCA posterior IV anastomoses

Answer 53

anterior IV branch of LCA