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ANATOMY Q1 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

pericardium (two components)

A

fibrous and serous

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2
Q

serous pericardium is made of what three parts

A

parietal
visceral
pericardial cavity

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3
Q

arterial supply of pericardium

A

internal thoracic
musculophrenic
thoracic aorta

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4
Q

venous supply of pericardium

A

tributaries of the brachiocephalic

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5
Q

pericardiocentesis should be performed at

A

5th or 6th intercostal space

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6
Q

The 5th or 6th intercostal space is a good location for pericardiocentesis because

A

cardiac notch (left lung) and shallower notch (left pleural sac) are exposed

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7
Q

transverse thoracic plane

A

at the sternal angles

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8
Q

superior mediastinum contains

A

trachea

upper parts of great vessels

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9
Q

inferior mediastinum contains

A

anterior, middle, posterior parts

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10
Q

inferior mediastinum (middle) contains

A

heart

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11
Q

inferior mediastinum (posterior) contains

A

all structures that vertically transverse the thorax

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12
Q

heart chamber three layers

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium (formed from the visceral layer of pericardium)

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13
Q

pericardium and heart layers

A 
pericardium 
  fibrous 
  serous parietal
  pericardial cavity 
  serous visceral 
heart
  epicardium (serous visceral pericardium) 
  myocardium
  endocardium (innermost lining inside heart)
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14
Q

myocardium (made of)

A

cardiac muscle cells

connective tissues

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15
Q

endocardium (made of)

A

endothelium

areolar tissue

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16
Q

partietal pericardium (made of)

A

dense fibrous layer
aerolar tissue
mesothelium

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17
Q

epicardium - visceral pericardium (made of)

A

mesothelium

aerolar tissue

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18
Q

fibrous skeleton consists of

A

four fibrous rings (two rings + two coronets)

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19
Q

fibrous rings cover what structures in the heart

A

valve
two trigones
membranous portions (interatrial, interventricular, atriventricular septa)

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20
Q

fibrous skeleton of the heart provides

A

attachment for the leaflets and cusps
attachment for the myocardium
forms an electrical insulator (allow atria and ventricles to contract independently)

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21
Q

anterior wall RA

A

rough, composed of pectinate muscles

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22
Q

posterior wall RA

A

smooth, thin-walled (also called) sinus venarum

23
Q

interior structures inside RA

A 
right AV (atrioventricular) orifice
sulcus terminalis (terminal groove)
crista terminalis (terminal crest)
coronary sinus (opening)
interatrial septum
oval fossa
openings for IVC and SVC
24
Q

posterior wall LA

A

larger, smooth, thicker-wall than the RA

25
Q

anterior wall LA

A

smaller auricle containing pectinate muscles

26
Q

interior structures inside LA

A

four pulmonary veins (entering posteriorly on smooth wall)

interatrial septum

27
Q

heart valves

A

atrioventricular (AV)

semilunar

28
Q

atrioventricular valves are located

A

between atria and ventricles

29
Q

blood pressure closes atrioventricular valves during

A

ventricular contraction

30
Q

prevents atrioventricular valves from swinging into the atria

A

papillary muscles that tense chordae tendineae

31
Q

what are the semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic tricuspid valves

32
Q

purposes of the semilunar valves

A

prevent backflow from pulmonary trunk and aorta

33
Q

which valves have no muscle

A

semilunar (pulmonary and aortic)

34
Q

RCA (right coronary artery) supplies

A 
RA
RV (most)
LV (part - diaphragmatic surface)
IV septum (part - posterior one 3rd)
SA node (60% population)
AV node (80% population)
35
Q

LCA (left coronary artery) supplies

A 
LA
LV (most)
RV (part)
IV septum (anterior two 3rds - incl AV bundle thru septal branches)
SA node (40% population)
36
Q

venous drainage

A 
coronary sinus (mainly)
small veins that enter into RA (partly)
37
Q

main vein of the heart

A

coronary sinus

38
Q

runs along wide venous channel that runs from left to right in posterior part of coronary sulcus

A

coronary sinus

39
Q

coronary sinus receives what vein(s) from the left end

A

great cardiac vein

40
Q

coronary sinus receives what vein(s) from the right end

A

middle cardiac vein

small cardiac vein

41
Q

vein(s) that open into the coronary sinus

A

left posterior ventricular vein

left marginal vein

42
Q

RCA origin

A

right aortic sinus

43
Q

RCA anastomoses

A

circumflex

anterior IV branches of the LCA

44
Q

what originates from RCA

A

SA nodal (in 60%)
RT marginal
posterior IV
AV nodal (67%)

45
Q

RCA RT marginal anastomoses

A

IV branches

46
Q

LCA origin

A

left aortic sinus

47
Q

what originates from the LCA

A 
SA nodal (circumflex branch - 40%)
anterior IV
circumflex
left marginal (circumflex branch)
posterior IV (33%)
48
Q

RCA posterior IV anastomoses

A

anterior IV branch of LCA

49
Q

LCA anastomoses with

50
Q

LCA anterior IV anastomoses

A

posterior IV branch of RCA

51
Q

LCA circumflex anastomoses

52
Q

LCA LT marginal anastomoses

A

IV branches

53
Q

LCA posterior IV anastomoses

A

anterior IV branch of LCA

ANATOMY Q1 (14 decks)

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