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Biology 2401 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the largest organ in the human body

A

The skin

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2
Q

What is the one vitamin that the human body can make

A

Vitamin D

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3
Q

What percent of the human body weight is our skin

A

15 percent

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4
Q

Areolar Connective tissue is also

A

The papillary layer

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5
Q

What kind of tissue does the subcutaneous or hypodermis layer consist of

A

Adipose

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6
Q

How does the epithelial layer get nutrients and where are those blood vessels located

A

Through diffusion, and the blood vessels are located in the underlying connective tissue

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7
Q

What are the five different layers of the epidermis

A 
Stratum basale 
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum granulosm
Stratum lucidum 
Stratum corneum
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8
Q

Why do people say there are 7 layers to the skin?

A

The five layers of epidermis with the dermis layer and the hypodermis layer

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9
Q

What is another term for stratum basale

A

Stratum germinativum

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10
Q

What happens in the stratum basale/germinativum region of the epidermis layer

A

this is where babies are born aka stem cells

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11
Q

which layer of epidermis is only in the thick skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

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12
Q

What are two areas of the body that contain the epidermis layer stratum lucidum

A

soles of feet and palms of hand

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13
Q

Thick skin =

A

no hair or sebaceous glands

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14
Q

Approximately how many days does it take for the surface of the skin to flake of

A

every 30-40 days

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15
Q

What are two things that are associated with finger prints

A

dermal papilla

epidermal ridge

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16
Q

Why do we have dermal papilla and epidermal ridges?

A

Prevents the skin from sliding off

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17
Q

What happens when you cut parallel to the line of cleavage

A

There will be no scar

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18
Q

What happens if you cut perpendicular to the line of cleavage?

A

You will have a scar

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19
Q

Why is the hypodermic region a great area for injections?

A

Because it is very vascular and there are no vital organs to puncture

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20
Q

What causes the coloration of skin

A

Melanin

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21
Q

What makes some people darker or lighter than others

A

The size and number of the melanin grains will determine how dark a person is.

22
Q

Fingerprints allow for

A

Friction and better grip

23
Q

What are the accessory organs of the skin?

A

Hair, nails and cutaneous glands

24
Q

Why do we have hair

A

For sensory information and protection

25
Q

What structure gives you goosebumps

A

Erector pili

26
Q

Dead cells at the surface packed with tough protein called…

A

Keratin

27
Q

What does the epidermis depend on for nutrients

A

Underlying connective tissue

28
Q

What is the order of the 5 layers of epidermis from superficial to deep?

A 
Stratum corneum 
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
29
Q

What is the order of the 5 layers of epidermis from deep to superficial

A 
Stratum basale 
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
30
Q

Where do melanocytes occur

A

only in the stratum basale

31
Q

What is a main function of melanin

A

shield DNA from UV rays

32
Q

What is the integumentary system

A

The skin and its accessory organs

33
Q

What is dermatology

A

scientific study and medical treatment of the integumentary system

34
Q

What are functions of the skin

A 
Protection
Barrier
Vitamin D synthesis
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Transdermal absorption
Nonverbal cues (facial expressions)
35
Q

What is transdermal absorption

A

Administration of certain drugs

36
Q

What are the five different types of cells found in the epidermis

A 
Stem cells 
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
Dendritic cells
37
Q

What are the function stem cells

A

cells that give rise to keratinocytes that are in the deepest layer of the epidermis (stratum basale)

generate news cells and push them up

38
Q

What are the function of Keratinocytes

A

Synthesize keratin

Great majority of epidermal cell

39
Q

What is the function of melanocytes

A

Synthesize pigment melanin that shields DNA from uv radiation
Occur only in stratum basale (they love to share)

40
Q

What is the function of tactile (Merkel) cells

A

Touch receptor cells associated with dermal nerve fibers

found in the basal layer of epidermis

41
Q

What is the function of Dendritic (langerhans) cells

A

Macrophages originating in bone marrow that guard against pathogens. Stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens that penetrate skin.
Found in stratum spinous and granulosum

42
Q

Stem cells of ____ ____ divide and give rise to keratinocytes. They also replace lost epidermal cells

A

Stratum basale

43
Q

____ ____ produce more and more keratin. There are numerous desmosomes and cell shrinkage which produce a spiny appearance. Consist 8-10 layers of keratinocytes.

A

Stratum spinosum

44
Q

_____ _____ consist of three to five layers of flat keratinocytes

A

Stratum granulosum

45
Q

____ ______ is seen only in thick skin. Contains a thin translucent zone superficial to stratum granulosum.

A

Stratum lucidum

46
Q

Contains up to 30 layers of dead scaly keratinized cells. It forms a durable surface layer and is resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss.

A

Stratum Corneum

47
Q

Thick accumulations of dead keratinocytes on the hands or feet are….

A

Calluses or Corns

48
Q

Areolar is = to

A

papillary layer

49
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue is = to

A

Reticular layer

50
Q

Papillary layer consist of…

A

RICH IN SMALL BLOOD VESSELS
Thin zone of Areolar tissue
Allows for mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells

51
Q

Reticular layer consist of….

A

DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Deeper and much thicker layer of dermis

52
Q

____ ___ (striae): tears in the collagen fibers caused by stretching of the skin due to pregnancy or obesity.

A

Stretch marks

Biology 2401 (7 decks)

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