Integumentary

Question 1

What is the largest organ in the human body

Answer 1

The skin

Question 2

What is the one vitamin that the human body can make

Answer 2

Vitamin D

Question 3

What percent of the human body weight is our skin

Answer 3

15 percent

Question 4

Areolar Connective tissue is also

Answer 4

The papillary layer

Question 5

What kind of tissue does the subcutaneous or hypodermis layer consist of

Answer 5

Adipose

Question 6

How does the epithelial layer get nutrients and where are those blood vessels located

Answer 6

Through diffusion, and the blood vessels are located in the underlying connective tissue

Question 7

What are the five different layers of the epidermis

Answer 7

Stratum basale 
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum granulosm
Stratum lucidum 
Stratum corneum

Question 8

Why do people say there are 7 layers to the skin?

Answer 8

The five layers of epidermis with the dermis layer and the hypodermis layer

Question 9

What is another term for stratum basale

Answer 9

Stratum germinativum

Question 10

What happens in the stratum basale/germinativum region of the epidermis layer

Answer 10

this is where babies are born aka stem cells

Question 11

which layer of epidermis is only in the thick skin?

Answer 11

Stratum lucidum

Question 12

What are two areas of the body that contain the epidermis layer stratum lucidum

Answer 12

soles of feet and palms of hand

Question 13

Thick skin =

Answer 13

no hair or sebaceous glands

Question 14

Approximately how many days does it take for the surface of the skin to flake of

Answer 14

every 30-40 days

Question 15

What are two things that are associated with finger prints

Answer 15

dermal papilla

epidermal ridge

Question 16

Why do we have dermal papilla and epidermal ridges?

Answer 16

Prevents the skin from sliding off

Question 17

What happens when you cut parallel to the line of cleavage

Answer 17

There will be no scar

Question 18

What happens if you cut perpendicular to the line of cleavage?

Answer 18

You will have a scar

Question 19

Why is the hypodermic region a great area for injections?

Answer 19

Because it is very vascular and there are no vital organs to puncture

Question 20

What causes the coloration of skin

Answer 20

Melanin

Question 21

What makes some people darker or lighter than others

Answer 21

The size and number of the melanin grains will determine how dark a person is.

Question 22

Fingerprints allow for

Answer 22

Friction and better grip

Question 23

What are the accessory organs of the skin?

Answer 23

Hair, nails and cutaneous glands

Question 24

Why do we have hair

Answer 24

For sensory information and protection

Question 25

What structure gives you goosebumps

Answer 25

Erector pili

Question 26

Dead cells at the surface packed with tough protein called...

Answer 26

Keratin

Question 27

What does the epidermis depend on for nutrients

Answer 27

Underlying connective tissue

Question 28

What is the order of the 5 layers of epidermis from superficial to deep?

Answer 28

``` Stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale ```

Question 29

What is the order of the 5 layers of epidermis from deep to superficial

Answer 29

``` Stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum ```

Question 30

Where do melanocytes occur

Answer 30

only in the stratum basale

Question 31

What is a main function of melanin

Answer 31

shield DNA from UV rays

Question 32

What is the integumentary system

Answer 32

The skin and its accessory organs

Question 33

What is dermatology

Answer 33

scientific study and medical treatment of the integumentary system

Question 34

What are functions of the skin

Answer 34

``` Protection Barrier Vitamin D synthesis Sensation Thermoregulation Transdermal absorption Nonverbal cues (facial expressions) ```

Question 35

What is transdermal absorption

Answer 35

Administration of certain drugs

Question 36

What are the five different types of cells found in the epidermis

Answer 36

``` Stem cells Keratinocytes Melanocytes Tactile cells Dendritic cells ```

Question 37

What are the function stem cells

Answer 37

cells that give rise to keratinocytes that are in the deepest layer of the epidermis (stratum basale) generate news cells and push them up

Question 38

What are the function of Keratinocytes

Answer 38

Synthesize keratin | Great majority of epidermal cell

Question 39

What is the function of melanocytes

Answer 39

Synthesize pigment melanin that shields DNA from uv radiation Occur only in stratum basale (they love to share)

Question 40

What is the function of tactile (Merkel) cells

Answer 40

Touch receptor cells associated with dermal nerve fibers | found in the basal layer of epidermis

Question 41

What is the function of Dendritic (langerhans) cells

Answer 41

Macrophages originating in bone marrow that guard against pathogens. Stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens that penetrate skin. Found in stratum spinous and granulosum

Question 42

Stem cells of ____ ____ divide and give rise to keratinocytes. They also replace lost epidermal cells

Answer 42

Stratum basale

Question 43

____ ____ produce more and more keratin. There are numerous desmosomes and cell shrinkage which produce a spiny appearance. Consist 8-10 layers of keratinocytes.

Answer 43

Stratum spinosum

Question 44

_____ _____ consist of three to five layers of flat keratinocytes

Answer 44

Stratum granulosum

Question 45

____ ______ is seen only in thick skin. Contains a thin translucent zone superficial to stratum granulosum.

Answer 45

Stratum lucidum

Question 46

Contains up to 30 layers of dead scaly keratinized cells. It forms a durable surface layer and is resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss.

Answer 46

Stratum Corneum

Question 47

Thick accumulations of dead keratinocytes on the hands or feet are....

Answer 47

Calluses or Corns

Question 48

Areolar is = to

Answer 48

papillary layer

Question 49

Dense irregular connective tissue is = to

Answer 49

Reticular layer

Question 50

Papillary layer consist of...

Answer 50

RICH IN SMALL BLOOD VESSELS Thin zone of Areolar tissue Allows for mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells

Question 51

Reticular layer consist of....

Answer 51

DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE | Deeper and much thicker layer of dermis

Question 52

____ ___ (striae): tears in the collagen fibers caused by stretching of the skin due to pregnancy or obesity.

Answer 52

Stretch marks