Exam 3

Question 1

Segment from Z disc to Z disc. Functional contractile unit of muscle fiber

Answer 1

Sacromere

Question 2

What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

Calcium

Question 3

What is the cell membrane of a muscle fiber called

Answer 3

Sarcolemma

Question 4

What are the components of a triad

Answer 4

a T tubule and two Terminal Cisterns

Question 5

Thick filaments are found in ____ and are made of proteins called ____

Question 6

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

Answer 6

Sarcolemma

Question 7

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

Answer 7

Saroplasm

Question 8

Long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the sarcoplasm

Answer 8

Myofibrils

Question 9

Stores oxygen needed for muscle activity

Answer 9

Myoglobin

Question 10

stored in abundance to provide energy with heightened exercise

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

When a muscle fiber is at rest, ________ molecules cover the myosin binding site.

Answer 11

Troponin-tropomyosin

Question 12

How can actin’s active sites become exposed so that myosin can bind to actin?

Answer 12

Calcium binds to troponin (triggers cross-bridge cycling) and moves troponin and tropomyosin out of the way so that myosin heads can bind to the myosin binding sites. Myosin strand then pulls on actin strand to contract the muscle fiber.

Question 13

What is the neurotransmitter that is released from motor neurons that will activate skeletal muscle?

Answer 13

Acetylcholin (ACh)

Question 14

This neurotransmitter will open channels in the muscle fiber that allow ____ into the cell

Answer 14

Sodium

Question 15

Used to eliminate acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft

Answer 15

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 16

What are the energy sources for ATP

Answer 16

Oxygen and organic energy sources (glucose and fatty acids)

Question 17

What is ATP used for

Answer 17

For relaxation of muscle and muscle contraction

Question 18

____ and ____ maintain internal coordination/ homeostasis

Answer 18

Endocrine and Nervous

Question 19

Communicates by means of chemical messengers (hormones) secreted into the blood

Answer 19

Endocrine system

Question 20

Employs electrical and chemical means to send messages from cell to cell

Answer 20

Nervous system

Question 21

Brain and spinal cord

enclosed by cranium and vertebral column

Answer 21

Central nervous system CNS

Question 22

All components of the NS outside of brain and spinal cord

Answer 22

PNS peripheral nervous system

Question 23

A bundle of Axons originating and ending in similar locations

Answer 23

tract

Question 24

Tract is located in the ___ nervous system

Answer 24

Central

Question 25

A collection of cell bodies or somata located within the CNS

Answer 25

Nuclei

Question 26

A bundle of axons wrapped in fibrous connective tissue

Answer 26

Nerve

Question 27

A knot like swelling in a nerve where neuron cell bodies are concentrated ( a collection of cell bodies or somata located outside of the CNS)

Answer 27

Ganglion

Question 28

Sensory is

Answer 28

afferent

Question 29

Motor is

Answer 29

efferent

Question 30

the control and metabolic center of the neuron (cell body)

Answer 30

Soma

Question 31

vast number of branches coming from a few thick branches from the soma

Answer 31

dendrites

Question 32

primary site for receiving signals from other neurons

Answer 32

dendrites

Question 33

Originates on one side of the soma called the axon hillock

Answer 33

axon (nerve fiber)

Question 34

Branches of axon

Answer 34

axon collateral

Question 35

Terminal button-- little swelling that forms a junction (synapse) with the next cell

Answer 35

Synaptic knob

Question 36

Contains neurotransmitter such as acetylcholine

Answer 36

Synaptic vessicles

Question 37

Movement down the axon away from the soma

Answer 37

Anterograde transport

Question 38

Movement up toward the soma

Answer 38

Retrograde transport

Question 39

Motor proteins used in anterograde transport

Answer 39

Kinesin

Question 40

Motor proteins used in retrograde transport

Answer 40

Dynein

Question 41

What are the four structural classifications of neurons

Answer 41

Multipolar Unipolar Bipolar Anaxonic

Question 42

Which is the most common structure of neurons

Answer 42

Multipolar

Question 43

What are the three functional classes of neurons

Answer 43

Sensory Motor Interneuron

Question 44

Begin in almost every organ and end in CNS | Unipolar

Answer 44

Sensory

Question 45

Carry out integrative function

Answer 45

Interneurons

Question 46

Process, store and receive information that determine how the body will respond to stimuli

Answer 46

Interneuron

Question 47

All are multipolar. Send signals out to muscles and glands Most of them lead to muscles

Answer 47

Motor (efferent)

Question 48

Sends signals to CNS

Answer 48

sensory

Question 49

Sends signals from CNS

Answer 49

Motor

Question 50

Contain both sensory and motor neurons

Answer 50

Mixed nerves

Question 51

Are there more neurons than neuroglial cells

Answer 51

No

Question 52

Types of Neuroglia or glial cells in the CNS

Answer 52

Microglia Ependymal cells Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes "MEAO" like a cat

Question 53

Form myelin sheaths for CNS and provide insulation

Answer 53

Oligodendrocytes

Question 54

Secrets and circulates Cerebral spinal fluid | Line internal cavities of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

Answer 54

Ependymal cells

Question 55

Wander in search of cellular debris to phagocytize

Answer 55

Microglia

Question 56

Most abundant cell in CNS | Form a tight seal called the blood brain barrier

Answer 56

Astrocytes

Question 57

Produce a myelin sheath in the PNS | Assist in regeneration of damaged fibers

Answer 57

Schwann cell or Neurolemmocytes

Question 58

Surround the neurosomas in ganglia of the PNS | Provide electrical insulation and regulate chemical environment around the soma

Answer 58

Satellite cells

Question 59

Where do action potentials begin?

Answer 59

In the trigger zone

Question 60

Body movement occurs at joints

Answer 60

Articulations

Question 61

Determines direction and distance of movement (range of motion)

Answer 61

Joint structure

Question 62

Angular motion anterior- posterior plane Reduces angle between elements

Answer 62

Flexion

Question 63

Angular motion Anterior posterior plane Increases angle between elements

Answer 63

Extension

Question 64

Moves away from longitudinal axis

Answer 64

Abduction

Question 65

Moves toward longitudinal axis

Answer 65

Adduction

Question 66

circular motion without rotation

Answer 66

circumduction

Question 67

rotates forearm, radius over ulna

Answer 67

pronation

Question 68

forearm in anatomical position

Answer 68

supination

Question 69

Twists sole of foot medially

Answer 69

Inversion

Question 70

Twist sole of foot laterally

Answer 70

Eversion

Question 71

Flexion at ankle

Answer 71

Dorsiflexion

Question 72

Extension at ankle (pointing toes)

Answer 72

plantar flexion

Question 73

What are the three functional classifications of neurons

Answer 73

Sensory Motor Interneuron