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Biology 2401 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four different types of tissues in your entire body?

A

Epithelia
Connective (CT)
Muscular
Nervous

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2
Q

What purpose does microvilli serve?

A

To increase surface area and increase absorption

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3
Q

What connects the epithelial layer to the connective tissue layer?

A

Basil lamina

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4
Q

What purpose does Cilia serve?

A

Cause movement

Ex: moving mucous

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5
Q

What are the two types of epithelial layers

A

Simple

Stratified

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6
Q

What are the different shapes of epithelia

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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7
Q

What are the different types of connections in the lateral sides of epithelia

A 
Desmosomes and button desmosomes
tight junctions
gap junctions
cell adhesion molecules CAM's
intercellular cement
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8
Q

What cell is embedded within ciliated epithelia that secrete mucous?

A

Goblet cells or mucous cells

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9
Q

Where would you want simple epethelia?

A

Areas of less stress, and places where you want absorption to occur

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10
Q

Where would you want stratified epithelia

A

Places where you do not need absorption to occur and locations of higher stress

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11
Q

What if you have stratified cuboidal epithelia toward the basal side and squamous looking cells on the apical surface? What kind of epithelia would this be

A

Name the epithelia according to the shape of the cells at the most APICAL surface. So it would be simple squamous epithelia.

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12
Q

Is epithelia Vascular or Avascualr

A

Avascular

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13
Q

How do epithelia get nutrients

A

Through blood vessels (capillaries) found in CT that can drop off nutrients through DIFFUSION

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14
Q

What are the 3 general categories of connective tissue

A

CT proper
Supportive CT
Fluid CT

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15
Q

What are the two categories of CT proper

A

Loose CT

Dense CT

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16
Q

What are the different types of supportive CT

A

Cartilage

Bone

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17
Q

What are the different types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, Elastic and Fibrocartilage

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18
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular

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19
Q

Is bone vascular or avascular

A

very vascular

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20
Q

what are the different types of fluid ct

A

blood

lymph

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21
Q

What do all connective tissues have in common

A

made up of some matrix

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22
Q

what is matrix

A

fibers and ground substance

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23
Q

what are the different kind of fibers

A

collagen
elastic
reticular

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24
Q

what are the different types of ground substances

A

water
gooey
crystaline

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25
Which CT contains a crystaline ground substance
bone
26
what kind of ct contains a watery ground substance
fluid ct
27
what kind of ct contains a gooey ground substance
LCT | loose connective tissue
28
All matrix is made up of...
fibroblast cells
29
what do fibroblast do
synthesize and secrete the fibers and ground substance that make the matrix that is CT you always have fibroblast in ct
30
List the other cells found in CT | Especially LCT
``` Macrophages (phagocytes) Mast cells Plasma cells Adipocytes Mesenchymal cells/stem cells ``` My Mom Pulls Around Money
31
Are fixed macrophages always found in CT
Yes
32
Free macrophages are called __ when found in blood and form__ __ __
Monocytes | White Blood Cells
33
What is the function of mast cells
release histamine
34
what is the function of plasma cells
release antibodies
35
what is the function of adipocytes
fat cells for insulation protection and energy storage
36
what is the purpose of mesenchymal cells
to make new fibroblast
37
do cells last forever
no
38
List the order of operation of generating CT
Stem cells -become--Fibroblast--secrete---matrix--creates--- CT
39
what are the functions of epithelial tissue
provide physical absorption control permeability provide sensation produce specialized secretions (glandular epithelium)
40
What are the characteristics of epithelia
``` Cellularity (cell junctions) Polarity (apical and basil surfaces) Avascular Extensive innervation Regeneration ```
41
Endocrine glands release
hormones (into interstitial fluid)
42
exocrine glands produce
secretions (onto epithelial surfaces) through ducts
43
What are the different types of secretion
Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine
44
Where is merocrine secretion produced
Golgi apparatus
45
What is an example of merocrine secretion
sweat glands
46
Apocrine is produced in the
Golgi apparatus
47
Example of Apocrine secretion
mammary gland
48
Holocrine secretion is released by
cells bursting, killing gland cells
49
what is an example of holocrine secretion
sebacesous gland (like your hair)
50
What are chondrocytes
cartilage cells surrounded by lacunae (chambers)
51
what type of tissue makes up membranes
Epithelial tissue
52
membranes are supported by
connective tissues
53
Membranes are __ __that __ or __ portions of the body
Physical barriers | line or cover
54
What are the four membrane types
mucous serous cutaneous synovial
55
Lines external openings
mucous membranes
56
lines body cavities
serous membranes
57
skin is what type of membrane
cutaneous
58
Which type of membrane lines joints
Synovial Membrane
59
What are the different types of muscle tissue
skeletal cardiac smooth
60
Moves the body by pulling on bones of the skeleton making it possible for us to walk dance etc
Skeletal muscle tissue
61
What kind of tissue contracts to move blood through the blood vessels
Cardiac muscle tissue
62
Contractions move fluids and solids along the digestive tract and regulate the diameters of small arteries among other functions
smooth muscle tissue
63
Classification of muscle cells
striated or nonstriated single nucleus or multienucleated voluntary or involuntary
64
Neural tissue is concentrated in the
CNS central nervous system Brain Spinal cord
65
what are the two kinds of neural cells
neurons | neuroglia
66
___ are nerve cells and perform electrical communication
neurons
67
___support cells and repair and supply nutrients to neurons
neuroglia | the soil and dirt to the red forrest
68
What are the different types of loose CT
Areolar, Adipose and Reticular
69
Loose CT have __ gel like ground substance and __ fibers
More | Less
70
What are the different types of dense CT
Tendons and Ligaments
71
Dense Connective tissue have ___ fibers and __ ground substance
More | less
72
What are the 2 different types of fiber orientation in dense CT
Regular and Irregular
73
What are the different types of FLUID CT
Blood and Lymph
74
What is the Periosteum
covers bone surfaces fibrous layer cellular layer
75
What will you typically find in the respiratory tract
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
76
___ Is a water proofing protein that prohibits water from penetrating the skin
Keratin
77
___ does not have a thick layer of dead cells. They have dead cells but not as thick or as much
Non-Keratin
78
__ epithelia is always found in the urinary bladder
transition
79
What are the different modes of glandular secretion
merocrine apocrine and holocrine
80
which mode of glandular secretion is used most by the body?
Merocrine
81
On the the apical portion of this mode of glandular secretion it explodes
Apocrine
82
Which mode of glandular secretion requires the most energy?
Holocrine because you are constantly having to replace the cell
83
___ almost always the connective tissue that is under epithelia
Areolar
84
Tree rings on the side means it is a __
bone
85
___ when looking at it closely has eyeballs
cartilage
86
In loose CT cells are __ placed
loosely
87
Dense irregular is compact but...
running in all different direction
88
What are the different protein fibers
collagen elastic and reticular
89
___ is the thickest fiber
collagen
90
Function of fibroblast is to
produce the ground substance
91
___ __ are embryonic stem cells, they keep dividing and eventually turn into fibroblast
Mesenchymal cells
92
___ are for phagocytosis (cell eating) some are free and some are fixed
Macrophage
93
__ and __ prevent blood clotting
Histomine and Heparin
94
Goblet cells make__
mucus

Biology 2401 (7 decks)

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