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Biology 2401 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of general tissue

A

Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle, Nervous

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2
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue

A

Protection, Glandular Secretion, Controls permeability, and provides sensation

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3
Q

What are the different types of connective tissue

A

CT proper, Fluid CT, Supportive CT

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4
Q

What are the different CT proper

A

Loose and dense

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5
Q

What are the different kind of Loose CT

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

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6
Q

What are the different types of Dense tissue

A

regular and irregular

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7
Q

What are the two types of fluid CT

A

Blood and lymph

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8
Q

What are the two types of Supportive CT

A

Cartilage and Bone

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9
Q

What are the three types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline Elastic and Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

What is the strongest type of cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage

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11
Q

What are the different structural attachments that epithelial cells can use to hold onto each other…

A

CAMS cell adhesion modules/ Intracellular cement
Desmosomes/ Hemidesmosomes
Gap junctions/ Tight Junctions
Adhesion belts/ Occluding junctions

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12
Q

What are the three different types of glandular secretions

A

Holocrine, Apocrine, and Merocrine

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13
Q

What causes goose bumps

A

Arrector pili

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14
Q

What different cells are found in Areolar tissue

A 
Macrophages
Mesenchymal 
Adipocytes 
Fibroblast
Mast 
Lymphocyte 
Plasmocyte

FLAPMMM. OR FLAPM^3

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15
Q

Where do you find Dense regular CT

A

Tendons

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16
Q

Where do you find Dense irregular CT

A

Deep skin layer

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17
Q

What are the four membrane types

A

Mucous
Cutaneous
Serous
Synovial

My Cut is Stupid Serous

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18
Q

What type of membrane is the skin

A

Cutaneous

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19
Q

What type of membrane lines external opening

A

Mucous

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20
Q

What type of membrane lines body cavities

A

Woah that serious! Serous

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21
Q

What type of membrane lines joints

A

Synovial

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22
Q

Who makes the CT matrix

A

Fibroblast

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23
Q

What does the Ct matrix consist of

A

Protein fibers and ground substance

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24
Q

What are the different types of ground substance

A

Crystaline
Gel like
Watery

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25
Q

How is Merocrine secretion released

A 
By vesicles (exocytosis) 
Salivary gland and sweat gland
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26
Q

How is Apocrine secretion released

A

By shedding cytoplasm

Breaks down at the apical surface (breast feeding)

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27
Q

How is Holocrine secretion released

A

The “HOL” cell burst ex sebaceous gland (hair oil)

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28
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular

A

AVASCULAR

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29
Q

Bone is vascular true or false

A

TRUE

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30
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom

A 
Stratum Coreum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
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31
Q

What are the general functions of the integumentary system

A 
Protection
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Vitamin D synthesis
Transdermal Absorbtion
32
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is found only in thick skin

A

Stratum Lucidum

33
Q

What are the layers of the dermis

A

Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis

34
Q

If you cut parallel to the lines of cleavage will you get a scar

A

No

35
Q

If you cut perpendicular to the lines of cleavage will you get a scar

A

yes

36
Q

What are the five cell types found in the epidermis

A 
Stem cells (give rise to keratinocytes)
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
Dendritic cells
37
Q

What do Dendritic cells do

A

Macrophages that Guard against pathogens
Stand guard against toxins microbes and other pathogens that try to penetrate skin

Dendritic cells DEAL with bad stuff

38
Q

What two types of tissue are in the dermis

A

Areolar tissue and Dense irregular tissue (Papillary and Reticular)

39
Q

The papillary layer is

A

Areolar tissue

40
Q

The Reticular layer is

A

Dense irregular tissue

41
Q

What are the accessory structures of the integumentary system

A

Hair nails and cutaneous glands

42
Q

What are the three types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

43
Q

Which is the most dangerous of the three skin cancers

A

Malignant melanoma

44
Q

First degree burn means

A

it has involved damage the epidermis

45
Q

A second degree burn means

A

It has damaged the epidermis and some of the dermis

46
Q

A third degree burn means

A

The epidermis and all of the dermis has been damaged and has reached deeper tissue like muscle or even bone

47
Q

What is step 1 to the repair of the integument after a cut

A

Bleeding occurs at the site immediately and mast cells trigger an inflammatory response.

48
Q

What is step 2 to the repair of the integument after a cut

A

A scab has formed
Clotting around the edges partially isolate the region
Phagocytic cells remove debris

49
Q

What is step 3 to the repair of the integument after a cut

A

One week after the injury the scab has been undermined by epidermal cells produced by fibroblast
Phagocytic activity has almost ended
The fibrin clot is disintegrating

50
Q

What is step 4 to the repair of the integument after a cut

A

The scab has been shed
The epidermis is complete
The fibroblast will continue to make scar tissue

51
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

Support Blood formation and Protection

52
Q

Holds bones together at the joints

A

Ligaments

ligaments like bones

53
Q

Attaches muscle to bone

A

Tendons (tend to like muscle)

54
Q

What are the four cell types found in bone

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Osteocytes

55
Q

Maintain bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

56
Q

Resorb bone

A

Osteoclast

57
Q

Make new bone matrix

A

Osteoblast

58
Q

Stem cells that become osteoblast

A

Osteogenic or Osteoprogenitor cells

59
Q

What is the most mature form of a bone cell

A

Osteocyte

60
Q

What hormone is released when calcium blood levels are low

A

PTH —- Parathyroid Hormone

61
Q

This hormone is a form of Vitamin D that is produced by the body (skin liver and kidneys)

A

Calcitriol

62
Q

This hormone is secreted by C cells or thyroid gland when calcium blood levels are too high

A

Calcitonin

63
Q

Osteoclast activity is inhibited and osteoblast activity is stimulated with which horomone

A

Calcitonin

64
Q

Which lamella is associated with an osteon

A

concentric lamella

65
Q

What kind of matrix do you find in bone

A

Collagen fibers and crystaline substance

66
Q

Which cell is activated by PTH

A

Osteoclast

67
Q

Which vitamin Helps with calcium absorption

A

Vitamin D

68
Q

Where is calcitonin produced

A

thyroid gland

69
Q

Absorbs UV radiation

A

Melanin

70
Q

Produces heparin and histomine

A

Mast cells

71
Q

Where is the primary ossification center

A

Diaphysis

72
Q

Makes up the finger prints

A

Epidermal ridge and Dermal papilla

73
Q

3 types of muscle

A

smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

74
Q

6 classifications of bone

A

Flat, short, sesamoid, irregular, long, sutural

75
Q

What is found in an epiphyseal plate

A

cartilage

76
Q

Making the bone thicker is

A

Appositional growth

Biology 2401 (7 decks)

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