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Derm > Integument Microbiology > Flashcards

Integument Microbiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Gram + bacteria predominate in (dry/moist) skin

A

Dry (forearm, legs, etc.)

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2
Q

Gram - bacteria predominate in (dry/moist) skin

A

Moist (armpit, creases, etc.)

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3
Q

Most organisms are in what layer of skin?

A

stratum corneum and upper parts of hair follicles

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4
Q

Gram + microbial inhabitants of the skin

A
  • Staph. epidermidis
  • S. aureus
  • Propionibacterium acnes
  • B-hemolytic streptococci (Group A S. pyogenes & Group B S. agalactiae)
  • a-hemolytic streptocci (S. viridans & S. penumoniae)
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5
Q

What microbe colonizes normal skin in the nose, perineum, and vulva and commonly found on skin of patients with atopic dermatitis?

A

S. aureus

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6
Q

What microbes are prevalent in areas with sebaceous glands?

A

Propionibacterium spp. (P. acnes)

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7
Q

P.acnes has been renamed as

A

Cutibacterium acnes

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8
Q

What microbes are rare inhabitants of skin and are inhibited by lipids

A

B-hemolytic streptococci (Group A S. pyogenes & Group B S. agalactiae)

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9
Q

What microbe is a cause of impetigo in kids?

A

GAS (Group A S. pyogenes)

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10
Q

What microbes are common inhabitants of the mouth but rarely spread to skin?

A

a-hemolytic streptocci (S. viridans & S. penumoniae)

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11
Q

Gram - microbial inhabitants of the skin

A

Enterobacter
Klebsiella
E. coli

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12
Q

Microbes that are often found under nails

A

Fungi

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13
Q

How can keratinocytes act as innate immune players (besides being a physical defense)

A
  1. TLRs
  2. Cytokines/Chemokines (TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6)
  3. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) (b-defensins, LL37))
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14
Q

immunologic defense mechanism of keratinocytes; example are b-defensins (LL37); will accumulate on the microbe, and if a high enough concentration is reached, will punch holes in membrane and form irregular structure, so makes resistance difficult

A

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)

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15
Q

How does Staph. epidermidis, a normal skin flora, help “educate” CD8+ T-cells?

A
  1. Dendritic cells “sample” S. epidermidis angitens and present to CD8+ T cells
  2. Keratinocytes respond by enhancing barrier function and limiting pathogen invasion
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16
Q

Atopic Dermatitis is usually caused by an infection of

A

S. aureus

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17
Q

Why is Atopic Dermatitis more common in developed countries?

A

Improved sanitation–> dec. skin microflora–> less T-cell “education”–> exaggerated inflammation to infections

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18
Q

Common bacteria that infect skin

A

Staph. aureus

Strep. pyogenes

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19
Q

Common fungi that infect skin

A

dermatophytes

candida

20
Q

Common viruses that infect skin

A

Childhood viruses
VZV
Molluscum contagiosum
Human Papillomavirus

21
Q

Toxins produced by Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes can cause toxic shock via…

A

Superantigens (trigger MASSIVE polyclonal expansion of T-cells and a cytokine storm)

22
Q

Massive polyclonal expansion of T-cells and cytokine storm is also known as

A

Mitogen

23
Q

Which cutaneous bacteria can cause toxic shock via a superantigen response

A

Staph. aureus

Strep. pyogenes

24
Q

What are other cutaneous virulence factors of S. aureus?

A
  1. Exfoliative toxins
    - Exotoxins A-D
    - Cause Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
  2. Resistance to AMP
25
Q

What toxins are non-mitogenic, cleave desmoglein causing intraepidermal splitting

A

Exotoxins A-D

26
Q

Bacteria implicated for Scalded Skin Syndrome (serious peeling of the skin) via cleaving desmoglein proteins

A

Staph. aureus

27
Q

dermal bacterial infection; obligate intracellular Gram - bacteria; TICK BORNE; causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

28
Q

dermal bacterial infection; Gram - bacteria; frequent colonizer of the nasopharynx; can cause disseminated infection including MENINGITIS

A

Neisseria meningitidis

29
Q

dermal bacterial infection; sexually transmitted spirochete; rash characteristic of SECONDARY SYPHILIS

A

T. pallidum

30
Q

class of microbes that can infect the skin; keratinophilic (love keratin); most common is T. rubrum; can cause superficial infections such as “ringworm” or “tinea”

A

dermatophytes

31
Q

Common genera of dermatophytes

A

Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton

32
Q

MOST common dermatophyte

A

T. rubrum

33
Q

What fungal virulence factors are associated with hyphal elements?

A

Keratinases
Proteases
Lipases

34
Q

What can predispose you to a Candida albicans skin infection

A 
Antibiotics (disrupts normal flora)
Steroids
Diabetes
Obesity
Immunocompromised pts
35
Q

Viral pediatric infections: Enveloped RNA viruses

A

Measles
Rubella

*Included in MMR vaccine

36
Q

Viral pediatric infections: Non-Enveloped DNA virus

A

Parvo B19 (cause red cheeks)

37
Q

Viral pediatric infection: Enveloped DNA virus

A

HHV 6/7 (roseola)

38
Q

Cutaneous virus that is associated with warts; non-enveloped DNA virus

A

HPV (Human Papillomaviruses)

39
Q

Cutaneous virus that is associated with Molluscum contagiosum (umbilicated papules); enveloped DNA virus

A

Poxvirus

40
Q

Cutaneous virus that is associated with Chickenpox (primary infection) and Shingles (reactivation); herpes virus

A

VZV (herpesvirus)

41
Q

VZV affect what type of cells?

A

Neurons

42
Q

small, ds, circular DNA virus that is ubiquitous and infect external cutaneous skin and mucosal membranes

A

HPV (Human papillomaviruses)

43
Q

Why does VZV, a cutaneous viral infection, cause a dermatome distribution

A

Reactivates along dermatome of sensory nerves of dorsal root ganglia

44
Q

Two types of shingles vaccines

A
  1. Zostavax

2. Shingarix (reduce chances of zoster by 90%; preferred by CDC)

45
Q

What shingles vaccine has live, attenuated virus and is contraindicated for immunocompromised people or pregnant women?

A

Zostavax

46
Q

What shingles vaccine has recombinant viral antigen + adjuvent; no contraindication

A

Shingarix

Derm (13 decks)

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