Facial Rashes Flashcards
(Open/Closed) comedones are referred to as blackheads
Open comedneo (follicular opening with oxidized lipids)
(Open/Closed) comedones are referred to as whiteheads
Closed comedones (no follicular opening)
the formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and/or cysts as a result of obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland); a fancy word for acne
Acne vulgaris
Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris
Androgens–> sebaceous gland activity–> plugging of hair follicle–> P. acnes metabolizes lipids to FFAs to cause inflammation
Bacteria thought to be involved with acne
Cutibacterium acnes (formerly P. acnes)
Topical treatment takes ____ weeks to determine efficacy
6-8
Treatment for comedones
Topical retinoid +/- topical BPO
If oral/topical antibiotics are added for acne treatment, they are ____used alone
NOT (other topical treatment is given along with antibiotics)
Treatment for hormonal acne
OCP, spironolactone
Treatment for nodulocystic acne
Isotretinoin (teratogenic!)
CHRONIC facial erythema on nose and cheeks with telangiectasia (spider veins) and SOMETIMES papules or pustules but NO comedones (different from acne) and NO scale (different from dermatitis); may also have rhinophyma (hyperplasia of nose) and ocular rosacea; flares with alcohol, sunlight and spicy foods
Rosacea
Rosacea is seen in all skin types but more often in lighter/darker skin patients
lighter
Comedones are (absent/present) in rosacea
Absent (different from acne)
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia of the nose; sometimes seen in Rosacea
Rhinophyma
Rosacea is caused by complex innate immune response that involves increased ______ which is an antimicrobial peptide and increased TLR2 response to ______.
- Cathelicidin
- Demodex (mite)/S. epidermidis
Treatment for Rosacea
- Lasers/light for erythema
- Topical antibiotics (metronidazole) or oral antibiotics (tetracycline) for papulopustular
- Topical ivermectin for demodex
- Surgery for rhinophyma
- Oral tetracycline for ocular rosacea
Treatment for Rosacea is typically medical except for __________________ which needs surgery
Rhinophyma
Pinpoint pink papules around nose, mouth, maybe eyes; can last up to months but not long-term like rosacea; can be triggered by aerosolized steroids and worsened by topical steroids
Perioral Dermatitis
Treatment for perioral dermatitis
similar to tx for papulopustular rosacea: topical metronidazole + oral antibiotics (doxy or minocycline)
a very common chronic skin disease due to inflammatory response to Malassezia (fungi); diffusely through areas of high sebum production (scalp, ears, central chest); erythema with overlying greasy yellow scale; infantile type is called “Cradle Cap”; hypopigmentation in darker skin
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Severe disease of _____ can be seen in untreated HIV or parkinson disease
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Treatment for Seborrheic Dermatitis
topical steroids (for flares) and ketoconazole (for Malassezia)
aka. razor bumps; seen along jaw line and neck; pink papules, pustules, firm flesh-colored papules caused by curly hair which penetrates the skin and leads to inflammatory response to hair keratin; more common in darker skin
Pseduofolliculitis Barbae (PFB)
Treatment for PFB
stop shaving, topical antibiotic or steroids if needed
