Dermatopathology

Question 1

3 main layers of the skin

Answer 1

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis (hypodermis)

Question 2

Sebaceous glands, arrector pili, hair follicle, and eccrine coil (sweat glands) are all located in which layer of the skin?

Answer 2

Dermis

Question 3

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 3

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

Question 4

Layer of epidermis; made up of multiple layers of flattened keratinized, non-nucleated cells to provide a barrier against trauma and infection; regulates water loss

Answer 4

Stratum Corneum

Question 5

Layer of epidermis; contains keratohyalin granules; forms cornified cell envelope (lipids that are produced by keratinocytes and secreted into extracellular space) which serves as a water barrier

Answer 5

Stratum Granulosum

Question 6

Layer of epidermis; has a “spiny” appearance due to desmosomal junctions holding keratinocytes together

Answer 6

Stratum Spinosum

Question 7

What makes the Stratum Spinosum look “spiny”

Answer 7

Desmosomal junctions between keratinocytes to hold them together

Question 8

Layer of epidermis; source of mitotically active keratinocytes to replenish the epidermis that is shed

Answer 8

Stratum Basale

Question 9

It takes _________ for basal cells tor reach the stratum corneum and another _______ to shed

Answer 9

2 weeks; 2 weeks (about 30 days)

Question 10

minority cell in epidermis; staggered around the basal layer; produce pigment (melanin)

Answer 10

Melanocytes

Question 11

minority cell in epidermis; dendritic cell that acts as antigen presenting cells of the skin; important for the induction of DELAYED-type hypersensitivity (allergic contact; poison oak)

Answer 11

Langerhans Cells

Question 12

What intercellular junction prevent water loss and is made up of claudins and occludins?

Answer 12

Tight junctions

Question 13

What intercellular junction attaches to actin and is made of cadherins and plakoglobin?

Answer 13

Adherens junctions

Question 14

What intercellular junction attaches to keratin and is made of desmogleins, desmocollins, and plakoglobin?

Answer 14

Desmosomes

Question 15

What intercellular junction serves as intercellular communication and is made of connexons?

Answer 15

gap junctions

Question 16

What junction attaches the keratinocytes of the epidermis to the connective tissue/extracellular matrix in the dermis?

Answer 16

Hemidesmosomes

Question 17

What disease is caused by autoantibodies against hemidesmosomes?

Answer 17

Bullous pemphigoid

Question 18

What disease is caused by inherited defects of hemidesmosomes?

Answer 18

epidermolysis bullosa

Question 19

What diseases are caused by autoantibodies against desmogleins of desmosomes?

Answer 19

Pemphigus vulgaris

Pemphigus foliaceus

Question 20

Hyperkeratosis (more stratum corneum), parakeratosis (retention of nuclei in s. corneum), and acanthosis (thickening of epidermis, spinosum) are characteristics of

Answer 20

Psoriasis

Question 21

Acanthosis can also be found in

Answer 21

seborrheic keratoses

Question 22

Papillomatosis (undulating of epidermis) is characteristic of

Answer 22

Viral wart (verruca)

Question 23

Hypergranulosis (thickening of s. granulosum) is characteristic of

Answer 23

Lichen simplex chronicus

Lichen Planus

Question 24

Spongiosis (edematous fluid in intercellular space in the epidermis) is characteristic of

Answer 24

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Question 25

Lichenoid (band-like infiltrate of lymphocytic cells and sawtooth epidermal retes) is characteristic of

Answer 25

lichen planus

Question 26

Acantholysis (loss of intercellular connections, desmosomes) is characteristic of

Answer 26

Pemphigus vulgaris | Pemphigus Foliaceus

Question 27

autoimmune disease against hemidesmosomes holding Stratum Basale to the Dermis; will cause blisters and bullae

Answer 27

Bullous Pemphigoid

Question 28

Dysplasia in the skin caused by UV exposure

Answer 28

Actinic Keratosis

Question 29

Type of skin cancer caused by thickening of full epidermis

Answer 29

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ

Question 30

Type of skin cancer caused by thickening of full epidermis and penetration into dermis

Answer 30

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma

Question 31

Accumulation of keratin debris forming a dome-shaped lump or tumor

Answer 31

Keratoacanthoma

Question 32

Most common form of skin cancer; arise from S. basal keratinocytes; basophilic

Answer 32

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Question 33

Aka. mole; is a common benign skin lesion due to a local proliferation of pigment cells (melanocytes); normal nuclei

Answer 33

Nevus

Question 34

a type of skin cancer that occurs when pigment producing cells called melanocytes mutate and begin to divide uncontrollably; pleomorphic nuclei

Answer 34

Melanoma

Question 35

layer of skin; thick layer that is flexible but tough; contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, sweat glands and hair follicles

Answer 35

Dermis

Question 36

cell located in the dermis; responsible for synthesis and degradation of connective tissue; instrumental in wound healing

Answer 36

Fibroblast

Question 37

cell located in the dermis; immune cell responsible for IMMEDIATE-type hypersensitivity (urticaria)

Answer 37

Mast cells

Question 38

Difference between Langerhans and Mast cells (location and function)

Answer 38

Langerhans Cells: in epidermis, DELAYED-type hypersensitivity Mast Cells: in dermis, IMMEDIATE-type hypersensitivity

Question 39

layer of skin; fat layer that separates the dermis from the deeper underlying structures (fascia and muscle); insulates body, energy supply, cushion and protects skin

Answer 39

Subcutis