Insulin

Question 1

Secretion

Answer 1

ATP from glucolysis closes K+ channel,
Depolarizes B cell membrane,
Opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channel

Ca2+ influx stimulates insulin secretion

Question 2

Insulin and placenta

Answer 2

Does NOT cross

Question 3

Insulin independent glucose uptake

Answer 3

Brain, RBC, Intestine, Cornea, Kidney, Liver

“BRICK L”

Question 4

GLUT1

Answer 4

Insulin independent

RBC, Brain

Question 5

GLUT2

Answer 5

Bidirection

beta cells, liver, kidney, small intestine

Question 6

GLUT4

Answer 6

Insulin dependent

Adipose, skeletal

Question 7

Anabolic effect of insulin

Answer 7

Besides ones i know,
Increase TG synthesis and storage
Increase Na+ retention (kidney)
Increase cellular reuptake of K+ and AA
Decrease glucagon release

Question 8

Increase insulin secretion

Answer 8

Hyperglycemia,
GH,
beta2-antagonists

Question 9

Decrease insulin secretion

Answer 9

Hypoglycemia
Somatostatin
alpha2 agonist

Question 10

Insulin pathway on muscle cells

Answer 10

Activate
1) Phosphoinositide-3 kinase: glycogen,lipid, protein synthesis and release vesicle containing GLUT4

2) RAS/MAP pathway: cell growth, DNA synthesis

Question 11

Insulin dependent organs

Answer 11

Resting skeletal and adipose dependent on insulin
Brain and RBC are IN-dependent

(brain uses ketone during starvation)
(RBC only glycolysis bc no mitochondria)