Hyperthyroidism

Question 1

Hyperthyroidism

Causes

Answer 1

1) Toxic multinodular goiter
2) Grave’s disease
3) Thyroid storm

Question 2

Toxic multinodular goiter

Answer 2

1) Focal hyperfunctioning follicular cells working independently of TSH due to mutation in TSH receptor
2) Increases release of T3/T4
3) Hot nodules are rarely malignant

Question 3

Jod-Basedow phenomenon

Answer 3

Thyrotoxicosis if pt with iodine deficiency goiter is mode iodine replete

Question 4

Grave’s disease

Answer 4

1) Autoimmune by TSI
2) Opthalmopathy (proptosis, EOM swelling)
3) Pretibial myxedema
4) Increase in connective tissue deposition
5) Diffuse goiter
6) Often presents during stress (e.g. childbirth)

Question 5

Thyroid storm

Answer 5

Stress-induced catecholamine surge leading to death by arrhythmias

Seen as a serious complication of Grave’s and other hyperthyroid disorders

May see increase ALP due to increased bone turnover.