Instruments/Flight Rules Flashcards
Steady Green Light
Cleared for takeoff; cleared to land
Flashing Green Light
Cleared to taxi; come back around (expect steady green)
Steady Red Light
stop; give way to other aircraft and continue circling
Flashing Red Light
taxi clear of landing area/runway in use; airport not safe - do not land
Alternating Red/Green Light
general warning signal - exercise extreme caution
Flashing White Light
return to starting point on airport; no air meaning
To enter Class D
need 2 way comms and a 2 way radio
Actual Instrument Approach
when actual instrument conditions are encountered below 1000 ft above airport/flight deck during an instrument approach
Actual Instrument Conditions
conditions external to the aircraft in flight that do not permit visual reference to the horizon
Aerobatic Flight Maneuvers
intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in a/c attitude, intentionally performed spins, or other maneuvers requiring pitch/dive angles > 45 deg AOB, bank angles > 60 deg AOB, or accelerations greater than 2 g’s
Instrument Meteorological Conditons
meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minimums specified for visual meteorological conditions
IMC conditions exist ___
any time a visible horizon is not distinguishable
Instrument Time
portion of pilot time in either day or night under actual or simulated instrument conditions
Logging Actual Instrument Time
both pilots in multipiloted a/c during flight in actual IMC
Simulated instrument time shall be logged
only by pilot actually manipulating controls
CNAF Local Flying Area
shall not exceed 350 miles from an air installation and be designated as such in AirOps Manual by CO
Operational Necessity
a mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which the consequences of an action justify accepting the risk of loss of a/c and crew
Simulated Inst Approach
instrument approach flown under simulated instrument conditions
Simulated Inst Conditions
conditions external to the a/c in flight are VMC but pilot vision is limited primarily to interior of a/c
VMC
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, cloud distance, and ceiling that are equal to or better than specified minimums; basic wx conditions prescribed for flight under VFR
Cross Country Flight
either does not remain in local flying area or remains in local flying area and terminates at a facility other than an active military facility; includes out and ins
Civilian Airfield Ops are permitted when such operations
contribute to mission accomplishment, add value to training, or are otherwise in the interests of government and taxpayer
Authorized to land at other than airfield locations provided
- Military requirement exists for such a landing
- Adequate safeguards are taken to permit safe landing and takeoff ops without hazard to people or property
- There are no legal obligations to landing at such nonairfield sites
Conditions to land at other than airfield can be waived when
aircraft is engaged in SAR ops
Closed Airfield Ops
Prohibited from taking off/landing except in emergency
PIC/Form Leader is responsible for
- flight has been properly authorized
- adequate flight planning data
- flight adheres to prescribed fuel requirements and wx mins
- each pilot has received flight wx brief
- PIC/each pilot in formation possesses valid instrument rating
- Passengers briefed/manifested
- Weight and balance
- PIC acknowledges responsibility for safe/orderly conduct
Wx briefing
- FWB
- 1-888-PILOTWX or FSS
- Commercial wx reports
DD-175-1 Valid Times
valid for 3.0 hrs past briefing/FWB delivery time or ETD plus 30 min
Wx criteria for filing
- Actual wx at point of departure at time of clearance
- Existing and forecast wx for entire route of flight
- Destination and alternate forecasts for a period 1 hr before ETA until 1 hr after ETA
If alternate req, shall have published approach compatible with installed a/c nav equipment that can be flown without use of 2 way radio comms whenever either
- destination lacks the described approach
2. forecasted wx at alternate is below 3000 ft ceiling and 3 SM visibility during period +/- 1 hr ETA
IFR Filing criteria; Destination 0-0
Alt needs 3000/3 or better
IFR Filing criteria; Destination between published mins and up to but not including 3000/3
NPA: published mins + 300/1
PA: published mins + 200/1/2
Planning for icing/storms
shall be planned to circumvent
Flying through WW
Not progressing as forecast (verification by DoD forecaster or FSS)
- VFR filing if that’s met
- IFR if have radar installed
- IFR in controlled airspace if VMC can be maintained to detect/avoid storms
Fuel Planning - Alt NOT req
fuel from TO to destination + 10% of planned fuel req
Fuel Planning - Alt Req
fuel from TO to approach fix at destination, then to alternate + 10% of planned fuel req
In no case shall planned fuel reserve after landing (at alt if req), be less than fuel needed for __ of flight based on
20 min;
fuel consumption at planned flight altitude
Cancellation of instrument flight plan ___ meet the requirement for closing flight plan
does not
Position Lights
30 min before official sunset until 30 min after official sunrise or at any time visibility from cockpit is less than 3000/3
3 times to turn on position lights
- immediately before engine start
- a/c being towed
- a/c is parked and likely to cause a hazard unless a/c otherwise illuminated
Anti-Collision Lights
immediately before engine start and all times when a/c engines operating except when lights adversely affect ground ops; can be turned off in clouds
Landing/Taxi Lights
should be utilized for all taxi movements ashore during hours of darkness; recommended during approaches (day/night) within class B, C, D
outside controlled airspace, helos can operate below ___ ft AGL, __ of clouds, when vis is __ if __
1200; clear; less than 1 SM; operated at speed that allows pilot adequate opportunity to see and avoid other traffic & maintain obstacle clearance
Minimum Altitude out of controlled airspace
1000 ft above highest terrain or obstacle within 22 miles; 2000 ft in mountainous
Takeoff Mins
NPA, 300/1; PA, 200/1/2/2400 RVR; landing runway in use
Multipilot Approach Criteria
if wx at or below mins, shall not commence approach unless a/c has capability to proceed to suitable alternate in case of missed approach
Single Pilot Approach Criteria
shall not be commenced if wx is below mins
Continuing Approach to Land
shall not descend below MDA/DH unless they have runway envt in sight and in their judgment a safe landing can be executed, either straight in or circling, whatever clearance specifed
Practice Approaches
no landing intended; facility in question must not be filed destination or alternate
Autorotations
shall be conducted within limits of field boundary over surface upon which a full auto can be safely completed and that has readily accessible crash, rescue, firefighting crew;
all practice autos require tower approval
Noise Sensitive and Wilderness Areas
fly at 3000 ft AGL or higher
Jettisoning Fuel
6000 ft above terrain or greater
make effort to avoid populated areas
advise ATC when under positive control
Renewal
Valid from last day of month in which evaluation was completed
ITO Procedures
- Select hover mode on FD
- Smoothly increase collective to takeoff power and maintain a hover attitude by referencing AI. Allow AFCS to maintain heading (feet off trim once airborne)
- Smoothly increase collective to climb out power. As helo passes through 20 ft on radalt, position cyclic forward to establish a 5 deg nose down attitude and accelerate into forward climbing flight
- As helo accelerates, cross-check radalt and VSI for positive rates of climb. Rate of climb should be 500 rpm or greater
- Maintain a smooth acceleration up to 90 KIAS, referencing the AI and airspeed indicator
Instrument Climbs and Descents
PAC verbalizes intentions to leave one altitude for another
PNAC monitors flight instruments and provide 100 ft (or as briefed) prior call
Upon reaching intended altitude, PNAC shall verbally note RAD/BARALT latched
Change of Scans
PAC flies approach and makes landing
PAC maintains instrument scan until landing phase commences
PNAC backs up PAC on instruments and scans outside for landing environment
Once PNAC has landing environment in sight and can safely continue approach, PNAC will provide PAC with a brief description of the visual approach then assume scan responsibilities
PNAC maintains inst scan until landing assured
If missed, PAC ensures obstacle clearance then gets on inst
Change of Controls
PAC flies inst approach and switches controls to the PNAC for landing
Once PNAC has landing environment in sight and can safely continue approach visually, PNAC shall inform PAC, take controls, and land
Initial PAC continues inst scan until landing assured
If missed, initial PAC reassures control of aircraft and initial PNAC provides backup inst scan and obstacle clearance
ENG ANTI ICE switches shall be turned on when
OAT is 5 deg C or below in visible moisture
Ice damage to the engine may be characterized by
A high pitched noise with no associated power loss or secondary indication
When you turn on the engine and engine inlet anti ice systems, what 2 things can you expect?
Significant power loss and increased fuel consumption
Where will you first notice ice accumulation?
Windshield wiper arms, mirror support brackets, main landing gear, and external stores
Vibes produced by main rotor shedding ice
Light to medium
Ice detector is located on
No 2 engine cowling
Blade de-ice will cause a torque increase of up to
14% per engine
Ice accumulation resulting in __ % tq increase indicates that
Normal autorotational rotor rpm may not be attainable should dual engine failure occur
Moderate Turbulence Airspeed
Blade Stall - 15 knots
Light Turbulence
Blade Stall - 10 knots
