HAC NATOPS Flashcards
DLQ Currency (Day/Night)
Carrier/Amphib: 2/365 3/90
Clear Deck: 4/180 6/90
Free Deck: 4/180 6/90
RA: 1/180 2/180
Main Rotor Diameter
53’8”
Primary/Secondary Missions
SANCE - SUW/ASW/NCO/C2/EW
SUW/ASW/NCO/C2/E2
AAHFIN - AMW/AW/HS/FSO/IO/NSW
AMW (Amphib warfare)/AW (Air)/HS (Health Services)/FSO (Fleet Support Ops)/ IO (Intel/NSW)
Seating Configurations
(SA - 32+21=53)
SUW - 3 seats/ 2 pax
ASW - 2 seats/ 1 pax
LOG/VERT - 5 seats/3 pax
Engine Type
T700-GE-401C
Engine Sections
Inlet, Compressor, Combustor, turbine, exhaust
Compressor Section Type
5 stage axial, single stage centrifugal
Combustion Section consists of
Annular combustion chamber
2 igniters
12 fuel injectors
Where is TGT sensed
between gas gen and power turbine
Engine Driven Fuel Boost Pump is designed to
1) provide reliable suction feed (minimize vulnerability and fire hazard)
2) provide discharge pressure (satisfy min inlet ox requirement)
HMU Provides
1) Rapid engine transient response through collective compensation
2) Auto fuel scheduling for engine start
3) Ng overspeed protection (mechanically limits to 110+/-2%
4) Ng governing
5) Accel limiting
6) Flameout and compressor stall protection
ODV Functions
1) Traps fuel upstream (priming not req)
2) Returns fuel back to HMU if Np ovsp/hot start activates
3) Fuel flow to 12 injectors
4) Purges fuel manifold overboard (prevent coking)
EDECU Functions
4NsCHEFMADTATED
- Np gov
- Np ovsp - 120%, flameout
- Np ovsp test - rereference 96%
- Ng decay relight - turns on igniters for 5 sec,
disabled <62% Ng - Cockpit Signals
- Hot Start Prevent - TGT>900, Ng<60, Np<50 stops flow; Restore 300 deg C or 25 sec, whichever is first
- Eng speed trim - 96-101% Np
- Fault Diag
- Manual Cpwr - 891 +/-10 deg C
- Auto Cpwr - OEI conditions (<50%, 180 ft/lbs)
- Dual Auto Cpwr - allows to pass 10 min limit @ 866+/-10; if Np<96%, >3% Np droop, >5% Np droop rate
- Transient Droop improvement - uses anticipatory signals from Nr sensor on L acc mod and coll pos sensor
- Auto-ignition - after Np ovsp, <120 relights w/ igniters on 5 sec
- Signals - Np/TGT/Trq
- TGT limiting - 839 +/- 10 deg C
- Eng load sharing
- DECU lockout - no TGT limit, Np gov, load sharing
EDECU Enhancements
1) TGT limiting 866 +/- 10 deg C
2) Auto CPWR (when tq below 50%, resets tgt limit
to 891 +/- 10 deg C, no advisories)
3) Dual Auto CPWR (activate when excessive Nr/Np droop)
Engine Chip Location
Return Line after AGB
Crossbleed Start Requirements
Air Source/ECS Start Switch - ENG
Ng receiving eng SHALL - 24% Ng min
Donor Eng Ng - 90-94%Ng
3 ways to anti-ice engine
1) Engine anti-ice - Vent bleed air to swirl vanes
2) Inlet anti-ice - vent bleed air into inlet
3) Pump engine oil through scroll vanes
Engine Anti-Ice/Start Bleed Valve Malfunction Indications
1) Illum w/ >90%Ng or >94% Ng if OAT 15 deg C or greater
2) No illum when Ng <88% Ng (may vary on sliding scale w/ OAT)
3) No illum w/ switch on
4) No TGT rise (30-100C)
Inlet Anti-Ice advisory illuminates when
bleed air heats inlet to ~93 deg C
Inlet anti-ice operates by
1) <4 deg C, valve open
2) 4-13 deg C, valve controlled by Freon filled bellows. start closing at 4, closed by 13 deg
3) >13 deg C, valve closed
blade damper function
restrain lead/lag and absorb rotor head starting loads
rotor blade components
pressurized hollow spar, honeycomb core, outer skin, abrasion strips, electrothermal deicing mats and removable swept back blade tip fairing
main xmsn px sensor location
an oil px sensor on the no 1 accessory module, the farthest point from the pumps, activates the MAIN XMSN PRESS LOW caution when the main transmission oil px drops below 14 psi
difference between IGB/TGB chip detectors and main XMSN chip detectors
the IGB and TGB contain identical chip detectors that contain an embedded oil temp switch. these sensors indicate when a chip is present and/or the gearbox oil temp is high
when does backup pump auto kick on?
- Loss of No. 1 hyd pump px (#1 HYD PUMP caution)
- Loss of No. 2 hyd pump px (#2 HYD PUMP caution)
- Loss of No. 1 hyd reservoir fluid (#1 RSVR LOW caution)
- Loss pf px to the first stage of the tail rotor servo (#1 TAIL RTR SERVO caution)
Restricted Fuels
Jet A-1, Jet A, Jet B, JP-4
5 Methods of Overland Recovery
- Landing to effect a rescue
- Rescue via 1 or 2 wheels (requires op necessity)
- Rescue via hoist
- Rappelling
- DD
Radio Failure Modes
- Single Mission Computer Failure - no impact
- 1553 Data bus failure (both mission computers lose power) - No impact to ICS. Radios function normally but control via OCP and RCU
- AMC or OCP failure - RAD 1 hardwired to pilot, RAD 2 copilot, controlled by RCU, PTT only
- Battery Mode - Only RAD 1 available, ICS PTT
Types of Shipboard Approaches
- Visual
- Instrument
- ELVA
- Offset
Loss of Tail Rotor Control - Cable Failure
R < 25 < L < 145 < R
For GW approx 19,500 pounds, in level flight, and for flight out of ground effect, this fixed pitch setting will provide balanced level flight at about 25 and 145 KIAS. Airspeeds will vary with GW, DA, Nr and ground effect
Loss of TR Control - Hyd Pump Failure
yaw boost servo is still pressurized and mechanical control system is still intact. Normal yaw control is available between approx 40 and 120 KIAS. Below 40 KIAS, yaw response to pedal inputs will become less effective
Ditching profile
For minimum loads on impact and to minimize the possibility of immediate rollover on touchdown, a ditching should be made into the prevailing winds and into or just past the crest on the backside of a wave
What are you worried about in regards to Nr during practice autos?
In a practice auto, Nr should be governed as closely as possible to 100% due to engine spoolup considerations. The engines will not begin to spool up in answer to the power demand of the collective pull until Nr decays to 100%. this delay could result in an inadvertent touchdown.
3 pigs and associated buses
1) Backup Hyd Pump (No. 1 AC Pri)
2) Mission Avionics + TR De-ice (AC Sec)
3) MR De-ice (AC Mon)
What happens with a stuck closed engine anti ice valve? stuck open?
Stuck Closed: temporary hangup of the engine Variable Geometry (VG) system at the anti-ice/start bleed valve may cause engine flameouts at low collective settings.
Stuck Open: Torque may be reduced up to 18% (shown as an equivalent increase in TGT)
Np overspeed test numbers? what happens if it fails?
Np ovsp test re-references 96% rather than 120% and flames out engine. If Np speed decreases when either switch is pressed individually, the opposite test switch may be faulty.
Failure of an engine to automatically relight when both OVSP TEST A and B are pressed simultaneously is possible. The engine should be restarted using normal procedures and the check should be performed again. If the engine automatically relights on the second attempt, the engine is acceptable. If the
engine fails the test twice consecutively, maintenance action is required.
stab inputs
- Collective Position
- Lateral Acceleration
- Airspeed
- Pitch Rate
main xmsn malfunction time to complete failure
Previous events of a complete loss of lubrication of the main gearbox have shown that the tail drive pinion will likely fail first, resulting in loss of tail rotor drive in as little as 8 minutes after a catastrophic loss of lubrication. Drive failures were preceded by a dramatic increase in vibrations and/or noise level, approximately one minute prior to failure. Time to transmission failure will vary depending on power utilized, speed of the leak, and condition of the gearbox
JP-4/Jet B Ops
If JP-4/JET B is used, the following operational restrictions/considerations apply:
- All takeoffs shall stabilize in a hover with no fuel pressure cautions for a minimum of 10 seconds before commencing transition to forward flight.
- Single-engine training is prohibited.
- Operating characteristics may change. Lower operating temperatures, slower acceleration, and shorter range may be experienced.
- Due to the vapor qualities of mixed JP-4/JET B, the next two refuelings with a primary fuel shall be treated
as if JP-4/JET B is in the tanks.
VRS
Measurable: >700 fpm and 0-20 KIAS
Worst: 1,500 fpm and 5-10 KIAS
- Decrease collective pitch.
- Increase forward airspeed.
- Enter autorotation if altitude permits.
Head check
Blade lock pins engaged.
Pitch lock pins retracted.
Gust lock disengaged
when is a head check required
A head check shall be conducted any time the BLADEFOLD switch is moved from the OFF position.
If the ROTOR SPREAD light remains off, there may or may not be a SPREAD INCOMPLETE caution. The aircraft can be safely flown as long
as a proper head check is performed
aux tank selective jettison
Emergency jettison of external fuel tanks via the ALL STORE JETT pushbutton (PB) is inhibited when less than 40 gallons (approximately 272 lbs.) remain in the tank. SEL JETT must be used to jettison when less than 40 gallons (approximately 272 lbs.) remain in the tank. The fuel gauge for the external fuel tank reads in 50 lbs. increments. If the external fuel tank requires jettison and the fuel gauge reads 300 lbs. or less, SEL JETT should be utilized
Why would you opt to do HIFR
If the helicopter must be fueled when the quality of the fuel is in question, it should be refueled through the HIFR fitting. The HIFR filter is capable of removing both water and particulate matter from fuel.
rescue hoist types?
Breeze-Eastern: 0 to 215 fpm
Lucas-Western hoist: 0 to 250 fpm
200 feet of usable cable 1st and Last 20' Orange Automatically decels to 50 fpm ~10 feet from full-up or 5 feet from full-down position Backup: 85 fpm Pilots: 100 fpm
Type of battery and purpose
24-volt dc Nickel-Cadmium (NICAD) battery
Starts the APU and power the Battery Utility bus
SAS 1 vs SAS 2? What happens if one fails
SAS 1 is Analog
SAS 2 is Digital
With both SAS channels engaged, the pitch, roll, and yaw actuators have ±10% control authority with each channel providing ±5%. The remaining operable SAS channel is limited to ±5% authority, but operates at twice its normal gain to partially compensate for the failed SAS channel.
Stab actuators
Two electric jackscrew actuators, acting in series, position the stabilator. Each actuator provides 1/2 the input to position the stabilator and is controlled by a separate, redundant stabilator amplifier. Stabilator travel is restricted to 35° if an actuator fails in the full-down position or 30° if an actuator fails in the full-up position
Heading hold
<50 kias, 3°/sec or 1° , pedals disengage
>50 kias, 1°/sec or 1°, pedals + trim button disengage
The heading hold is reengaged, following a turn, when the following conditions are maintained for 2 seconds:
- Aircraft roll attitude is within 2° of wings level.
- Yaw rate is less than 2° per second.
crew hover limit? Why?
5 KGS; 35 kt sideward limit (20 potentiometer + 10 4-way + 5 Crew hover)
color convention for WCA page
- Red — Warning.
- Yellow — Caution, failure, or fault.
- Green/white — Status only
hard init vs soft init
Soft INIT: A soft INIT is defined as initializing a device by selecting the DIAG bezel key (opening the EQUIPMENT STATUS page), scrolling to highlight the specified device and selecting INIT from the pop-up menu.
Hard INIT: A hard INIT is defined as initializing a device by pulling the circuit breaker for the specified device, waiting 20 seconds, resetting the circuit breaker, then performing a soft INIT.
T-handle operation
Pulling aft on the T-handle arms the system and mechanically places the fuel selector in the OFF position. When both the No. 1 Engine and APU T-handles have been actuated, the fire-extinguishing agent will be discharged into the compartment for the T-handle that was LAST actuated.
when should you use manual mode for blade deice?
- The pilot has determined by judgment of icing intensity that the ice rate system is inaccurate.
- Torque required has increased to an unacceptable level.
- Helicopter vibration has increased to an unacceptable level
When is anti-ice required
All anti-ice/deice systems shall be turned on prior to entering visible moisture (including clouds) at ambient temperatures of 5 °C or less
where does ice accumulate first?
Initial ice accumulation will be noted on the windshield wiper arms, mirror support brackets, main landing gear, and external stores
what are you worried about in icing conditions?
Engine degradation, ice shedding, ice accumulation, change in airfoil, increase of weight.
Ice accumulation resulting in a 20 percent torque increase indicates that normal autorotational rotor rpm may not be attainable should dual-engine
failure occur.
Types of release for cargo hook and priority?
Rated 6,000 lbs
Primary: Electrical from Aircrewman, pilot, and cp
Secondary: Mechanical release on hook for groundcrew operation or for aircrew in event of electrical malfunction
Tertiary: CAD
Engine Oil Level (Hi/Low/Service to), Capacity, time limit
Low: less than halfway between the ADD and FULL
High: Not written, mx says as long as there’s a bubble
Service to approximately 1 inch below the full mark or adjacent to the top set of bolts on the sight gauge.
@ ADD, approximately 2 quarts of oil is required.
7.3 U.S. QUARTS (MIL-PRF-23699)
Wait at least 20 minutes after engine shutdown before checking the engine oil level or servicing to prevent potential engine seal failure upon restarting engine.
4 preflight things on walk up
- chocks - in place, tiedowns as req
- Underside of all main rotor blades and tip caps - check
- all intlet/exhaust plugs and pitot static tube covers - remove
- sonobuoy launcher safety valve - safe
what do you check for on preflight
Condition, Corrosion, Security, FOD
Blade Damper accumulator level
Reference Chart but at 30°C, minimum is 1450 psi
Min equipment for night flight over water? Why?
- LAWS.
- Altitude hold (RAD ALT or BAR ALT).
Laws uses RADALT
TACAN Test
- Needle swing 180 +/- 3 for 5 seconds
- Within 1/2 dot,
- DME 0.0 +/- .5,
- To (180) or From (000) course swap
Stab Check
- Should read between 34-42 deg down
- Test button: stab moves: 5-12 deg up, caution, tone, MC
- Auto PB on: returns to 34-42 deg down
- Slew up 5-10 deg up in 4-8 sec
- Caution: Helicopter SHALL not be flown if the stabilator fails any check involving manual operation, position indications, or warnings.
- Note: If auto mode fails to engage, slewing the stabilator full up then full down with ac power may align the stab actuators and allow stab auto mode to reengage.
What if you start engine with ignition off?
What if you place to NORM while starting?
If start is attempted with ENGINE IGNITION switch OFF, do not place switch to NORM until the Abort Start emergency procedure has been completed.
If the ENGINE IGNITION switch is placed to NORM while start is in progress, a hot start may occur.
what if starter never drops out? normal range?
Starter normally drops out at 52 to 65 percent Ng.
If starter does not drop out, perform ENG STARTER advisory emergency procedure.
Collective and Cyclic Position during shutdown
The collective may be raised a maximum of 1.5 inches during shutdown to reduce droop stop pounding.
what if rotor brake slips during start
If the rotor head moves due to rotor brake slippage, the pilot may immediately secure both engines or, if prebriefed, release the rotor brake.
72 SOP: Engine Starts. If the rotor brake slips during engine start, both engines should be secured immediately to avoid inadvertent engagement of the rotors. Rotor engagement without tower approval may lead to unsafe engagement conditions or injury to personnel.
When do we do HIT checks?
What if it fails?
What if you’re in icing conditions?
At a minimum, HIT check SHALL be performed on the first flight of the day
If it fails
keep link 16 codes?
- Link 16 code may be held by bringing Link 16 to standby prior to turning MSN PWR off.
- Holding Link 16 codes for extended periods will cause failure of MIDS battery.
ship approach profile
- 200’ AGL / 1.5 mi astern / 80 KIAS
- 200’ AGL / 0.5 mi / adjust speed to 50 kts closure
(Missed Approach Point) - 175’ AGL / 0.4 mi / 40 kts closure
- 150’ AGL / 0.3 mi / 30 kts closure
- 125’ AGL / 0.25 mi / 25 kts closure (transition pt)
- Drive into feet on HRS bar / 0.1 mi / 10 kts
- Nose over the deck, descend to eyes on HRS bar
- AWR cons you in