instruments exam 1 Flashcards
contains all information for north and South American nations area planning procedures
AP1 (area planning)
AP/1 publication cycle
24 weeks
OROCA
off route obstruction clearance altitude; 1000 foot clearance in non mountainous terrain, 2000 ft mountainous
basis for helicopter control during instrument flight
proper instrument interpretation
aircraft performance is achieved by controlling the aircraft’s: (2)
attitude and power.
elements of aircraft control
aircraft control instruments
attitude indicator and torque indicator (first limit indicator)
3 categories of flight instruments
control (immediate update)
performance (slight lag in update)
navigation (slight lag in update)
pitch instruments
airspeed indicator
attitude indicator
altimeter
vertical speed indicator
bank instruments
attitude indicator
heading indicator
magnetic compass
turn and slip indicator
power
airspeed indicator
torque indicator
3 fundamental pilot skills
instrument cross check, interpretation, and aircraft control
3 crosscheck errors
fixation
omission
emphasis
standard rate turn
3 degrees per second
2 types of turns
normal (standard rate/ half standard) or steep (anything greater than standard rate/ greater than 30 degrees)
formula for standard rate turn
TAS / 10 + half of the result
GPS segments
space (satellites)
control (stations and ground antennas)
user (avionics, gps receivers)
reception limits of naviads:
terminal
low altitude
high altitude
T- 25 NM up to 12000 feet AGL
L- 40 NM up to 18000 feet AGL
HA- 40 NM below 14500, 100 NM 14500 to 60k AGL, 130 NM 18k-45k agl