Instrument Approaches

Question 1

Purpose of instrument approach procedures

Answer 1

•Allows safe descent from enroute altitudes to a relatively low altitude (as low as 200’ AGL) near a runway at your destination.
•Once at low altitude you will hopefully find visual conditions satisfactory enough to continue a final approach and land the airplane.

Question 2

Approach procedure: pilot navigation

Answer 2

Flown with instruments and equipment in aircraft.

Question 3

Approach procedures: radar approaches

Answer 3

Flown with directions received from ATC.
•Precision Approach Radar (PAR): vertical and lateral
•Approach Surveillance Radar (ASR or SRA): lateral only (higher DA)
•No Gyro: radar guidance

Question 4

Pilot navigation approach: precision

Answer 4

Vertical and lateral guidance.

Question 5

Pilot navigation approaches: non-precision

Answer 5

Only lateral guidance.

Question 6

Types of precision approaches

Answer 6

The Instrument ACS
•Types:
•ILS – Instrument Landing System
•GLS – GNSS Landing System (ICAO Term)– US term is GBAS
•RNAV GPS with minimums at or below 300’ AGL

Question 7

Types of non-precision approaches

Answer 7

•VOR and VOR/DME
•NDB
•LOC and LOC/DME
•LOC BC
•SDF- Simplified Directional Aid
•LDA- Localizer Type Directional Aid
•ASR
•GPS (LNAV, LNAV+V, LNAV/VNAV, LPV with minimums greater than 300’ AGL)

Question 8

Pilot navigation approach procedures

Answer 8

•From enroute you will fly to an Initial approach fix (IAF) and from there procedures necessary to maneuver the aircraft to the final approach course.
•The entire procedure must be flown unless directed to deviate by ATC.

Question 9

Ground based radar approach procedures

Answer 9

•Only the final approach segment is depicted
•Radar vectoring will be provided to final approach
•Applies to both precision and non-precision approach procedures

Question 10

Initial segment

Answer 10

•Provides a method for aligning your aircraft with the approach course via;
•Arcs
•Course reversal
•Intersecting course
•Begins at IAF and ends at intermediate segment
•Frequently there are multiple initial approach segments
•All terminate at a common intermediate segment.
•Course, distances and altitudes are provided

Question 11

Intermediate segment

Answer 11

•To position your aircraft for the final descent to the airport.
•Reduce your airspeed
•Complete before landing checklist
•Final chart review
•Begins when aligned within 30 degrees of runway heading and ends at FAF.
•If no Intermediate Fix is depicted, it begins when you are
-Inbound to FAF
-Properly aligned with final approach course
-Within proper distance from FAF

Question 12

Final segment

Answer 12

•Descent to a point where you can land safely if the required visual references are available.
•Begins at
•Precision Approach - Glide slope intercept
•Non-Precision - FAF or FAP
•FAP: On non-precision approaches, when FAF not designated, that point when procedure turn intersects the final approach course inbound.
•Ends at MAP/or Landing

Question 13

Missed approach segment

Answer 13

•To navigate to a point where another approach can be attempted or continue to another airport.
•Headings, courses, and altitudes provided.
•Begins at MAP and ends at a holding fix.

Question 14

MAP defined as

Answer 14

•Arrival at DH for Precision approach
•Arrival at designated fix or specified time period for Non-Precision approach.

Question 15

Feeder route

Answer 15

•To provide a link between the enroute and approach structures.
•Not considered part of an Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP).
•However, when cleared for the Approach, the published off airway (Feeder) routes that lead from the Enroute structure to the IAF are part of the approach clearance if directed to use.
•Headings, routes, distances and altitudes provided
•Also called Transitions or Terminal Routes