IFR Emergencies Flashcards
Emergency definition
•Condition of Distress
•Urgency
•Can be Declared by Pilot or ATC Controller (Part 121/Dispatcher)
•Deviation from FAR 91
•If Given Priority ATC May Request Report
What constitutes as an emergency
•Anytime a pilot is threatened by serious or imminent danger and requires immediate assistance
•What constitutes an urgent situation?
•A situation that is not immediately dangerous but requires prompt assistance to avoid a potentially catastrophic event
How to declare an emergency
•Emergency
•MAYDAY
•Urgency
•PAN-PAN
•Any other ways?
•Squawk
•7500 – hijacking
•7600 – loss of communication
•7700 – engine failure
Information to give ATC in an emergency
•Distress or Urgency
•Name of station calling
•Aircraft ident/type/info
•Present position and heading
•Altitude and heading
•Fuel remaining - hours/minutes
•Number of people on board
•Any other useful information
•Nature of situation
*Pilots intentions/request
*How ATC can help you
Types of IFR emergencies
•Communications Failure
•Mechanical
•Inoperative Instruments
•Wing flaps
•Retractable landing gear
•Door opening in flight
•Etc.
•Electrical
•Engine
*Meteorological
*Fuel
Troubleshooting loss of communication
Define the problem
•Ensure microphone plugged in, and into proper jack
•Switch microphone (should have extra mike available)
•Try different headset if available
•Check audio panel
•Check fuses/circuit breakers
Pilots action for loss of communication
Confirm communications loss
•Request radio check
•Ground agency
•Contact previous controlling agency
•Contact nearest flight service
•Contact tower or UNICOM
•Repeat over each frequency used
Lost comms in IMC
•For Heading:
•Assigned
•Vectored
•Expected
•Filed
•For Altitude:
•Highest of:
•MEA (min enroute alt)
•Expected
•Assigned
Total loss of navigation capability
•There are no rules or procedures for navigation failure
•On your own
•Know where to go for VFR conditions
•Radar vectors, Approach Surveillance Radar(ASR), Precision Approach Radar (PAR) if communications ability not impaired
Vacuum pump failure
•Partial Panel Operations
•Magnetic Compass
•Use of autopilot, if installed
•No-Gyro Approach
Static system failure
•Use alternate static source
•Break VSI face glass ?
•Errors using alternate static source
•Cabin pressure lower
•Altimeter – high
•Airspeed – high
•Vertical speed indicator – momentarily high
•Consult POH
Electrical failure
•How would you know if you have an electrical failure?
•Ammeter and annunciator light
•How would you handle this situation if you were in IMC?
•Turn off equipment to save power
•Vectors to the nearest airport
Minimum fuel/emergency fuel
•Declare “minimum fuel” when, in your best judgment, any additional delay will cause you to burn into your reserve fuel.
•Declare a fuel emergency at the point at which, in your judgment, it is necessary for you to proceed directly to the airport at which you intend to land.
•Declaration of a fuel emergency is an explicit statement that priority handling by ATC is necessary and expected.
Handling an emergency
•Fly The Airplane
•Establish a safe airspeed
•Attitude
•Power setting
•Maintaining airplane control is paramount
Stop – Think – Stay Calm
•A thorough evaluation of each emergency should be made prior to initiating corrective action.
•Accomplish checklist items and emergency procedures.
•Notify ATC
•Remember the order:
•Aviate
•Navigate
•Communicate
Malfunction report
•FAR 91.187 Report any navigational or communication equipment malfunction.
•What information do we need to report to ATC?
•Aircraft Identification
•Equipment affected
•How will it impair your flight under IFR
•Assistance desired/required from ATC
