Instrument Approach Regulations Flashcards
You can descend below MDA or DH only if you have these things
•The aircraft is continuously in a position allowing for normal rate of descent to a landing on the intended runway;
•The flight visibility is at or above the visibility required to complete the approach; and
•At least one of the following visual references for the intended runway is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot:
•The approach light system - except you cannot descend below 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation unless you also have the red terminating bars or red side row bars ALSO insight.
Aircraft approach categories
•As used in the standard terminal instrument procedures prescribed in this part -
•“Aircraft approach category” means a grouping of aircraft based on a speed of 1.3 Vso (at maximum certificated landing weight).
•Example- Aircraft Vso= 75
•The approach category would be – 1.3 x 75=97.5
•97.5 is Category B
Terms used in approach procedures
•Ceiling minimum: the minimum ceiling, expressed in feet above the surface of the airport, required for takeoff or required for designating an airport as an alternate airport.
•FAF: Final Approach Fix
•HAA: Height Above Airport.
•Airport elevation: Highest point of an airport’s usable runways
•HAT: Height Above Touchdown
•TDZE: Touch Down Zone
•MAP: Missed Approach Point.
•MSA: Minimum Safe Altitude
•An emergency altitude expressed in feet above mean sea level
•Provides 1,000 feet clearance over all obstructions in that sector within 25 miles (or as specified) of the facility on which the procedure is based (LOM in ILS procedures).
•NA: Not Authorized.
•NoPT: No Procedure Turn Required
•Altitude prescribed applies only if procedure turn is not executed.
•Procedure Turn: maneuver prescribed when it is necessary to reverse direction to establish the aircraft on an intermediate or final approach course.
“T”: Nonstandard Takeoff Minimums.
“A”: Nonstandard Alternate Minimums
91.175 Standard takeoff minimums
•91.175 (f)(2)(i): No pilot may takeoff from a civil airport under IFR unless the weather conditions at time of takeoff are at or above the weather mins for IFR takeoff….For aircraft, other than helicopters, having
•Two engines or less – 1 statute mile visibility
•More than two engines – ½ sm visibility
•This paragraph applies to persons operating an aircraft under part 121, 125,129, or 135.
•Part 91: No standard takeoff minimums, but 0/0 NOT SAFE
Non-standard takeoff minimums
Non-standard minimums are published when there are obstacle departure procedures to ensure you maintain safe clearance.
Non-standard alternate minimums
91.169(c). The standard minimum weather requirement for an alternate is
•600 ft ceilings and 2 sm visibility- if there’s a precision approach available
•800 ft ceilings and 2 sm visibility- for a non-precision approach
Visual descent point (VDP)
•A defined point on a straight-in, non-precision approach from which you can descend below the MDA, if you have the required visual reference.
•If a VDP is available, it will be indicated by a “V” on the profile view portion of the instrument approach procedure chart.
•Do not descend below MDA before reaching the VDP
If there isn’t a VDP depicted
•Take the AGL value of the MDA and divide it by 300
•This will give you an approximate distance from they runway where you can start a 3-degree descent
