Insect vector control Flashcards
Larviciding
killing larvae
major part of Onchocerciasis Control Programme
Anthropophilic
Describes mosquitoes that prefer to take blood meals from humans.
Endophilic
An endophilic mosquito is a mosquito that tends to inhabit/rest indoors
How do LLIN work?
a.k.a. long lasting insecticide nets
~ insecticide is within net fibres and leaks out very slowly
~ lasts for 5 years
Anopheles, Culex mosquitoes: Insecticide used and major application.
DDT
Residual house spraying
Anopheles, Culex mosquitoes: Insecticide used and major application #2.
Pyrethroids
Impregnated bed nets
Aedes, Culex mosquitoes: Insecticide used and major application.
OPs and pyrethroids
Larviciding, misting, fogging
Glossina tsetse flies: Insecticide used and major application.
Pyrethroids
Traps and targets
Glossina tsetse flies: Insecticide used and major application #2.
DDT, dieldrin and endosulfan
Aerial application and ground spraying
Simulium black flies: Insecticide used and major application.
Temephos
Larvicides (OCP)
Triatoma bugs: Insecticide used and major application.
Deltamethrin
Spraying (SCI)
Genetic resistance
alterations in target site, reducing insecticide binding
e.g. kdr = knock down resistance gene
Metabolic resistance
increases in rate of insecticide breakdown through amplification or modification of enzymes
e.g. esterases, cytochrome P450s
Cross-resistance
Resistance to one or more drugs that occurs as a result of previous exposure to a similar drug
SIT
a.k.a. Sterile insect technique
eradicating flies with gamma ration makes them sterile causing competition between sterile and WT = reduction in no. of flies
Bio-insecticides
bacteria produce Cry and Cut port-forming toxins (from plasmid) that lyse larval midgut epithelial cells
Mosaic treatment
when two or more insecticides are applied to different areas infested by the same insect population
RIDL
a.k.a. Release of male Insect carrying Dominant Lethal genes
