Definitions #2

Question 1

TB

Answer 1

chronic disease caused by airborne Mycrobacterium tuberculosis

Question 2

HIV

Answer 2

a retrovirus that invades and inactivates T-cells + causes AIDS

Question 3

HIV-1

Answer 3

most prevalent HIV subtype, major aerological agent of AIDS

Question 4

HIV-2

Answer 4

less virulent than HIV-1 but still causes AIDS

Question 5

AIDS

Answer 5

the last stage of HIV, when the immune system is too weak to fight infection so they develop certain defining symptoms and illnesses
e.g. recurrent Pneumonia

Question 6

Is there a TB vaccine?

Answer 6

Yes: Bacille Calmette Guerin

Question 7

ART is more successful if…

Answer 7

… it is started before CD4 count falls below 350 cells/mm^3 of blood (WHO recommended threshold)

Question 8

The global fund

Answer 8

a partnership organisation designed to accelerate the end of AIDS, TB + Malaria epidemics

Question 9

Filarial diseases

Answer 9

group of tropical diseases caused by parasitic round worms (nematodes) and their larvae

Question 10

Onchocerciasis

Answer 10

a.k.a. river blindness

main filarial disease + is transmitted by black flies

Question 11

Lymphatic filariasis

Answer 11

main filial disease that has two types:

1) Bancroftian filariasis
2) Brugian filariasis

Question 12

List the NTD covered on this course. (6)

Answer 12

~ Lymphatic filariasis
~ Onchocerciasis
~ Dengue fever
~ Schistosomiasis
~ Leishmaniasis
~ Chagas disease

Question 13

Bancroftian filariasis

Answer 13

common in urban areas + transmitted by Culex, Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes

Question 14

Brugian filariasis

Answer 14

rural disease mainly transmitted by Manosonia mosquitoes

Question 15

Why are tropical diseases no longer tropical?

Answer 15

~ global movement of pathogens through human travel
~ climate change
~ human encroachment of natural habitats

Question 16

Name the big three.

Answer 16

BACTERIA: Tuberculosis (airborne)
VIRUS: HIV - sexual transmission
PROTOZOAN: Malaria - vector borne

Question 17

Neglected tropical diseases

Answer 17

Diseases related to poverty and largely absent from the global public health agenda

Question 18

What is the importance of NTDs?

Answer 18

~ Individually there isn’t much but together (e.g. a group of 13) there is as DALYs = 56.6 million
~ poorest people suffer, they can’t afford treatment so not much money in it so not much research done

Question 19

What is the DALYs of Maleria?

Answer 19

46.5mil

Question 20

OCP

Answer 20

a.k.a. onchocerciasis control programme

~ based on killing the blackfly vectors via aerial insecticide spraying over rivers/streams