Definitions #1

Question 1

Dengue

Answer 1

most common arbovirus that is usually non-fatal and is transmitted by day biting Aedes mosquitoes

Question 2

How many annual cases of Dengue?

Answer 2

approx. 100million

Question 3

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Answer 3

more serious form of dengue viral infection that causes bleeding under the skin, frequent vomiting and abdominal pain

Question 4

Antibody-dependent enhancement

Answer 4

antibodies against one dengue serotype lead to a more severe reinfection or infection of a different serotype (complicated vaccine creation)

Question 5

Symptoms of dengue

Answer 5

Fever, arthralgia, rash (FAR), severe flu-like symptoms

Question 6

Dengue is transmitted by…

Answer 6

Aedes aegypti + Ae. albopictus

~ anthropophilic

Question 7

Malaria

Answer 7

illness caused by Plamodium parasite and is transmitted by night biting female Anopheles mosquitoes

Question 8

How many annual cases of Malaria?

Answer 8

approx. 250million

Question 9

Malaria is transmitted by…

Answer 9

Anopheles gambiae + An. arabiensis
~ endophilic
~ anthropophilic

Question 10

Endophilic

Answer 10

bite indoors

Question 11

Anthropophilic

Answer 11

human biting

Question 12

Name the two main types of Plasmodium that cause Malaria.

Answer 12

P. falciparum –> 50% cases, almost all deaths

P. vivax –> 43% cases

Question 13

Arbovirus

Answer 13

arthropod-borne viruses that are biologically transmitted and replicate in the vector

Question 14

Wolbachia

Answer 14

naturally occurring bacteria found in fruit flies that decrease dengue viral population and transmission in infected flies

Question 15

wMel

Answer 15

Wolbachia strain that inhibits DENV (Dengue) in Aedes + has low fitness cost so easier to introduce

Question 16

Hoffmann et al.

Answer 16

(2011)

Wolbachia spread through population w/ no current resistance

Question 17

RIDL

Answer 17

a.k.a. release of male insects carrying dominant lethal gene

late-acting lethal line OX513A used

Question 18

SIT

Answer 18

a.k.a. sterile insect technique

irradiating flies w/ gamma rays to make them sterile + allow them to compete with indigenous males

Question 19

Bio-insecticide

Answer 19

bacteria that produce Cry + Cyt pore-forming toxins that lyse larval midgut epithelial cells
e.g. Bti = Bacillus thuringensis

Question 20

Name the predacious mosquito larvae.

Answer 20

Toxorhynchites

Question 21

Homing endonuclease genes

Answer 21

genetic elements that spread by cleaving chrom.s that don’t contain them and then getting copied to the broken chromo as a byproduct of the repair process
(used on X chromo to make all offspring male)

Question 22

Paratransgenesis

Answer 22

symbiotic bacteria are genetically modified and reintroduced in mosquitoes, where they express effector molecules (used to block/reduce parasite transmission)