Haemoflagellates/Leishmania

Question 1

Haemoflagellates

Answer 1

~ parasitic eukaryotic protists
~ all vector borne
~ all have flagellum at some point

Question 2

Name the three main important haemoflagellates.

Answer 2

Leishmania
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 3

Name the three forms of Leishmaniasis.

Answer 3

~ cutaneous - skin
~ mucocutaneous - around mucus e.g. nose
~ visceral - spleen, liver, high death rate

Question 4

Canine visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 4

zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infant

~ domestic dog main reservoir host

Question 5

Name the methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis.

Answer 5

tissue sample for smear and culture –> microscopy

Question 6

Name the methods for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis.

Answer 6

~ Bone marrow biopsy or splenic aspirate --> smear & culture --> microscopy
~ Skin test
~ IFAT
~ ELISA
~ PCR

Question 7

PCR

Answer 7

~ allows amplification of small DNA sample

~ only specific DNA samples are replicated due to spp/genus specific primer

Question 8

ELISA

Answer 8

a plate assay technique that detects and qualifies substances through binding them to antibody conjugates

Question 9

Name the three types of ELISA.

Answer 9

1. direct
2. indirect
3. sandwich

Question 10

Direct ELISA

Answer 10

substrate binds to bound primary antibody conjugate

Question 11

Indirect ELISA

Answer 11

substrate binds to bound secondary antibody conjugate which is bound to primary antibody conjugate

Question 12

Sandwich ELISA

Answer 12

substrate binds to bound secondary antibody conjugate which is bound to primary antibody conjugate which is bound to a capture antibody

Question 13

Immunochromatographic rK39 test

Answer 13

rapid urine dipstick test that identifies the Leishmania antigen rK39 using recombinant protein K39

Question 14

Direct agglutination test (DAT)

Answer 14

~ combination of insoluble antigen and soluble antibody = agglutination
~ serial diltution performed on sample –> semi quantitative

Question 15

Fast agglutination screening test (FAST)

Answer 15

~ modified DAT
~ detected antibodies rK26/rK39
~ quicker

Question 16

DDP

Answer 16

~ innovative colloidal gold-based immunochromatography assay

~ rapid (5-10mins)