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Thanatochemistry > Inorganic Chemistry > Flashcards

Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Transitioning from liquid to gas. Particles at the surface of a liquid can gain enough energy to break bone and become gaseous.

A

Evaporation

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2
Q
  • Oxides
  • Acids
  • Bases
  • Salts
A

4 Major types of compounds studied in inorganic chemistry

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3
Q

States that elements combine in a definite proportion by mass.

A

Law of definite proportions

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4
Q
  • Not lusterous
  • Not ductile
  • Not malleable
  • Poor conductors
  • Appear in all 3 states at room temperature
  • Negative electrical charge
A

Properties of non metals

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5
Q
  • Have luster
  • Have ductility
  • Are malleable
  • Good conductors
  • Solid at room temperature
  • Positive electrical charge
A

Properties of metals

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6
Q

The study of substances that contain carbon (must have at least 1 carbon atom).

A

Organic chemistry

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7
Q

The study of substances produced by living organisms.

A

Biochemistry

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8
Q

The study of chemical changes related to embalming.

  • Decomposition
  • Function of embalming chemicals in disinfection and preservation.
A

Embalming chemistry

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9
Q
  • Color
  • Odor
  • Taste
  • Solubility
  • Viscosity
  • Density
  • State
  • Freezing point
  • Boiling point
  • Melting point

characteristics that can be studied without changing the chemical composition of a substances

A

Physical properties

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10
Q
  • Heat of combustion
  • Reactivity with water
  • pH
  • Electromotive force
  • Polarity
  • Cohesion

observed when a substance is interacting (reacting) with another substance

A

Chemical properties

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11
Q

Density - is it a chemical or physical property?

A

Physical

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12
Q

The relationship between mass and the volume occupied by that mass.

A

Density

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13
Q
  • Has definite shape and volume

- Molecules are highly organized and packed very tightly together.

A

Solids

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14
Q

Has definite volume, but not shape.

- Molecules are not packed as tightly as solids, but are close enough to give volume.

A

Liquids

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15
Q

Does not have definite shape or volume

  • Molecules are very far apart
  • Molecules may assume the shame and volume of a container they are confined in.
A

Gas

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16
Q

Solids have the ___1____ entrophy, liquids are _____2_____, gas has the ____3____.

A
  1. Least
  2. In the middle
  3. Most
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17
Q

The volume of gas my be affected by pressure or heat.

A

Compressibility/expansivity

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18
Q

A gas will move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

A

Diffusibility

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19
Q

If you increase the pressure on a unit of gas, the volume will proportionally decrease and visa versa.

i.e., thin air on a mountain top, creating a vacuum.

A

Boyle’s law

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20
Q

If you increase the temperature of gas, the volume will also increase and visa versa.

i.e.- helium balloon in the cold, dry ice.

A

Charle’s law

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21
Q
  • Compressibility/expansivity

- Diffusibility

A

Properties of gas (unique)

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22
Q
  • Boyle’s law

- Charle’s law

A

Laws of gas

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23
Q

Creation of new substances.

  • Combustion
  • Decomposition
  • Hydrolysis
A

Chemical changes

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24
Q

Changing states of matter.

A

Physical changes

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25
- Fahrenheit - Celsius - Absolute (Kelvin)
Three scales used in chemistry
26
These are the same, except they used a different scale. (180 units between boiling and freezing of water versus 100 units).
Fahrenheit and Celsius scales
27
Used for chemistry and is related to rate at which electrons and atoms can vibrate- The Celsius scale was derived from this scale (273 + degrees C).
Absolute (Kelvin) scale
28
- Tera (T)- 1,000,000,000,000 - Giga (G) - 1,000,000,000 - Mega (M)- 1,000,000 - Kilo (k)- 1,000 - Hecto (h)- 100 - Deca (da)-10 - Base unit- 1 - Deci (d)- .1 - Centi (c)- .01 - Milli (m)- .001 - Micro (u)- .000001 - Nano (n)- .000000001 - Pico (p)- .000000000001
Prefixes (metric scale)
29
Anything that has mass or takes up space.
Matter
30
The mass of an object divided by the volume. | - This is an important property for identifying a substance.
Calculating density
31
Density multiplied by volume.
Calculating mass
32
Mass divided by density.
Calculating volume
33
Used to compare the weight of an object to an equal weight of water (=1) - Density is used to calculate this - Substances that have this greater than 1 are more dense than water. - Substances that have this less than 1 are less dense than water.
Specific gravity
34
Addition of oxygen to another element.
Combustion (oxidation)
35
Substance made of oxygen and another element.
Oxide
36
Breaking down a complex substance into simpler substances.
Decomposition
37
Breaking down biochemical substances into simpler substances in the presence of water.
Hydrolysis
38
- Solid - Liquid - Gas - Plasma
Most common states of matter
39
Matter can change between states if this is added or taken away.
Energy (usually in the form of heat)
40
The temperature that a solid melts at.
Melting point
41
The temperature that liquid boils at.
Boiling point
42
Amount of heat necessary to turn 1gm og a solid into 1gm of liquid at the substance's melting point.
Heat of fusion
43
Amount of heat necessary to turn 1gm of liquid into a gaseous state at the substance's boiling point.
Heat of vaporization
44
A reaction where heat is removed and liberated (or radiated). -liquid => solid + heat
Exothermic
45
A reaction where heat is absorbed. - liquid + heat => gas
Endothermic
46
When some substances skip the liquid phase and go straight to gas. - dry ice - water at very cold temperatures.
Sublimation
47
The measure of the amount of disorder or chaos in a system. - Solids have the least - Liquids are middle - Gases have the most
Entrophy
48
Something that can not be broken down (or decomposed) by a chemical change. - Only a nuclear reaction can break it down - Most basic unit of matter
Elements
49
- Halogens | - Nobel (inert) gases
Non metal elements
50
This is the most abundant element in the universe, followed by helium.
Hydrogen
51
Made from two or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion by weight. - Greater than the sum of its parts - Homogenous - Can be decomposed by chemical reactions into the elements that make them up.
Compound
52
Made from the physical combination of two or more substances. - can be any proportion - substances in these retain their individual chemical properties - Can be separated by physical means
Mixture
53
Composed of protons (+) and neutrons (0). When you add the protons and neutrons, you get the atomic mass.
Nucleus of an atom
54
Component of an atom outside of the nucleus that has a negative charge.
Electron
55
Defines the element. This is the number of protons within an atom.
Atomic number
56
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
Atomic weight (mass)
57
The number of protons equals the number of electrons.
Uncharged atom
58
Each proton and neutron has a mass of this.
1 atomic mass unit (amu)
59
The same atom, same number of protons and electrons, but the number of neutrons have changed (therefore having a different atomic mass). - Some are radioactive - C14 is used for carbon dating.
Isotopes
60
- Dating fossils - Tracing biochemical pathways - Sequencing DNA - Medical research - blood - urine - thyroid
Autoradiography
61
Positron emission tomography. A type of nuclear medical imaging.
PET scan
62
If you change the number of electrons, but the number of neutrons and protons remains the same. - Losing an e = positive charge - Gaining an e = negative charge
Ions
63
- The dense nucleus rarely gets close enough to another nucleus to react. - Are farther out and therefore dictate interactions (through electron shells) - The movement and configuration of these is determined by the shells.
Electrons
64
Determined by the distance an electron is from the nucleus. | - the further from the nucleus, the more it has.
Potential energy
65
The energy levels of electrons.
Shells
66
Located within shells.
Orbitals
67
The outermost shell of an atom.
Valence shell
68
Maximum number of electrons for the first shell on an atom, the K shell.
2
69
Maximum number of electrons that the second shell of an electron can have, the L shell.
8
70
Maximum number of electrons that the third shell of an atom can have, the M shell.
8 (for elements up to 20amu) 18 for transition metals.

Thanatochemistry (12 decks)

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