Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, etc. Flashcards
Applied to non-living things to inhibit and kill microorganisms.
Disinfectants
Inhibit decomposition, inactivate functional groups in proteins, kill microorganisms, destroy odors, and inactivate enzymes.
Preservation
Help the body retain moisture.
Humectant
Any compound that carries resonance - stabilized ring.
Aromatic
Oxidation of organic compounds that results in a new compound.
Partial oxidation (moderate/cautious)
Of organic compounds, results in carbon dioxide and water.
Complete oxidation
Alcohol that you cannot drink because of additives.
Denatured alcohol
Alcohol that has been purified and is free from water (200 proof).
Absolute alcohol
Number of grams of formaldehyde (gas) in 100ml of solution.
Index
The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer. A type of chemical reaction where the end product has the molecular mass that is a multiple of the original compound.
Polymerization
Keep the blood in liquid state, chemicals that retard the tendency of the blood to become more viscous and prevents adverse effects of embalming fluids. Salts that react with Ca+2 in the blood (required for clotting).
Anticoagulants
If the metal is:
- Na: sodium oxalate Na2C2O4
- K: potassium oxalate: K2C2O4
- Ammonium oxalate: (NH4)2C204
The salts react with Ca+2 in the blood (required for clotting), forms calcium oxalate, which is insoluble in water or blood, precipitates out of blood. (this is toxic)
Precipitant anticoagulant
Sodium and potassium citrate are the salts that result from the neutralization of:
Citric acid
Sodium and potassium citrate salts act with cross link Ca+2 in the blood and tie it up. Results in calcium citrate complex, which is water soluble, but the calcium is not free to interact with blood clotting proteins.
Sequesterant anticoagulant
This type of anticoagulant is not toxic, but can enhance coagulation caused by bacteria like S. auerus so if injected into bodies with bacterial infections, it enhances coagulation.
Sequesterant
Mask smells, but do not chemically change them.
Perfuming/masking agents
Amines, formed during decomposition of proteins, smell like spoiled food or rotten fish.
Ptomines
Rings that can be composed of different things.
Heterocyclic
- Humectants
- Solvents
- Pre treating moist tissues pre cosmetics and restorative wax
- Bleaching agent
Uses for alcohol in embalming
The first class of organic compounds that function both as a disinfectant and as a preservative. Derivatives of hydrocarbons that contain at least one -OH group. -General formula : ROH
Alcohol
Any number of carbons
R
If any alcohol contains a single -OH group.
Monohydroxyl alcohol
If the alcohol contains two -OH groups.
Dihydroxyl alcohol (glycol)
Used for humectants in embalming.
Dihydroxyl alcohol
Used for anti-freeze. Is a dihydroxyl alcohol.
Ethylene glycol
If an alcohol contains three -OH groups.
Trihydroxyl alcohol (glycerin)
The simplest alcohol.
Methyl alcohol (methanol) CH3OH`
Used as humectants, solvent (very hydrophilic).
Trihydroxyl alcohol
Used in soaps, filler in low-fat food items, can be used for cryoprotection. Is a trihydroxyl alcohol.
Embalmers- used as a solvent for embalming fluids and as a humectant.
Glycerin/glycerol
If an alcohol contains four or more -OH groups.
Polyhydroxyl alcohol
Used as humectants in embalming,
Polyhydroxyl alcohol
Used as a sweetener in sugar free food items, laxative, thickening agent in toothpaste. Is a polyhydroxyl alcohol.
Sorbitol
- If named by the carbon chain, -yl
- If named by changing the ending of the carbon chain -ol
Two suffixes that can be used to name an alcohol
Carbon chain is a ring.
Aromatic hydroxide
Carbolic acid, hydrobenzene (other names). Is an aromatic hydroxide. Is the prototypical aromatic hydroxide.
- Organic solvent that can be used for disinfecting, dehydrating.
- Bleaching agent
- Useful for pre-treating moist tissues before applying restorative wax or cosmetics.
Phenol
Is an isomer of propanol, used as a disinfectant.
Isopropyl alcohol
Made up of two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen.
-General formula is ROH.
- Can be thought of as derivatives of water or of alcohol (HOH or R-OH).
- Distinct, sweet odor
- Clear, flammable liquids at RT
Ethers
An ether where the two alkyl groups are identical.
Simple ether
An ether where the two alkyl groups are different and the molecule is asymmetrical.
Mixed ether
Used as organic solvents, surgical anesthetic.
Ethers