Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Thanatochemistry > Acids, bases, salts and ionization > Flashcards

Acids, bases, salts and ionization Flashcards

1
Q
  • A water molecule is able to self-ionize.
  • In pure water, a very small amount of water molecules ionize into hydrogen (proton) and hydroxide.
    • There are always equal parts of H+ and OH- in pure water.
  • Therefore the pH of water is neutral (7).
A

Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The measurement of H+ in a solution.

  • Equal amounts of H+ and OH- is a neutral solution and has a pH of 7.
  • pH of less than 7 are acidic, more H+ than OH-
  • Less H+ than OH- is a basic solution, pH is greater than 7
A

pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The amount of H+ in a solution is calculated as a molar concentration.
- 1 mole = 6.023 X 10 to the 23rd.

A

Determining the pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compounds that release H+ in a solution.
- Adding this to water will lower the pH.
- Dissociates in water :
HA => A- + H+

A

Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Compounds that release OH- in a solution.
- Adding this to water will increase the pH.
- Dissociate in water
- React with water to produce OH-
- General formula:
XOH => X+ + OH-

A

Bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Appear as all three states of matter, but liquid is most common.
  • Pure molecules are usually dry crystals and are extremely hygroscopic.
  • Binary
  • Ternary
A

General properties of acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pull water out of the air to them.

A

Hygroscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contain H+ and one other non-metal (HCl, HF, HBr)

A

Binary acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contain H+, O, and one non-metal radical.

A

Ternary acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Also called alkaline compound
  • Bitter taste (physical property)
  • Bases can appear in all three states, but most commonly found as greasy, slippery, powder form.
  • All ternary compounds because they all contain O and a metal.
A

General properties of bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

States that acids dissociate into an aqueous solution to yield H+ and bases dissociate into an aqueous solution to yeild OH-

  • The most commonly used biochemical definition for an acid and base.
A

Arrhenius theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors.

  • Conjugate acid-base pairs differ by a single proton
  • Amphorteric compounds can act as either a base or an acid.
A

Bronstead- Lowery Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

States that an acid is any substance that accepts a pair of electrons and a base is any substance that donates a pair of electrons.

A

Lewis theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Acids can be added to basic solutions to decrease the pH
  • Bases an be added to acidic solutions to increase the pH
  • A neutralization reaction results in a pH of 7.
A

Acid-base reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A reaction with the product being a salt and water.

A

Neutralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ionic compounds and are neutral in water.

A

Salts

17
Q
  • 2 Ionic compounds are mixed together (acid and base)
  • Ionic compounds split apart into their respective anion and cations.
  • The cations will swap anions.
  • A reaction occurs if, by swapping anions, a product is formed that cannot split apart into anions and cations- or what is known as an insoluble precipitate (salt) or gas.
A

Double replacement/ Neutralization

18
Q

Contains a metal and a non-metal molecule.

A

Inorganic salt

19
Q

Joining one metal and one non-metal element.

A

Binary salt

20
Q

All H+ in the acid have been replaced by a metal.

A

Normal salt

21
Q

Only some of the H+ in the acid have been replaced by a metal.

A

Acid salt

22
Q

Contain one or more replaceable -OH.

A

Basic salt

23
Q

Oxides of metals and non-metals.

A

Anhydrides

24
Q

Form acids when placed in water.

A

Acid anhydride

25
Q

Form bases when placed in water.

A

Basic anhydride

26
Q

Substances that prevent major changes in pH by absorbing excess H+ or OH-.

  • Maintaining the optimum pH for the organism is part of maintaining homeostasis.
  • Blood contains these and therefore resist major fluctuations in pH.
A

Buffers

27
Q

Contain water in their formula. Compounds that have water held in them.

A

Hydrates

28
Q

Water held within a hydrate.

A

Water of crystallization

29
Q

Have the water of crystallization removed by dehydration.

A

Anhydrous

30
Q
  • Some hydrates can attract more water from the atmosphere.
    • hydrophilic or hygroscopic
    • Deliquescent
  • Efflorescent
  • Compounds in the prep room that are known to be hygroscopic or efflorescent need to be kept tightly sealed so water doesn’t get in or escape.
A

Descriptions of hydrates

31
Q

If something can attract so much water from the air that they dissolve.

A

Deliquescent

32
Q

Spontaneously release water.

A

Efflorescent

33
Q

Draw moisture from tissue.

A

Hardening compounds

34
Q

Plaster of paris and gypsum are two different hydrates of this compound.

A

Calcium sulfate (CaSO4)

35
Q

For the embalmer, you are interested in counteracting this in the biological sense.

  • It can also occur in inorganic substances such as salts (not all salts)
  • The properties are the same.
A

Hydrolysis

36
Q

Double replacement reaction involving salt and water.

  • Similar to neutralization in that you have an acid and a base (which is neutralized into a salt and water).
  • Dissimilar because you make an acid and base of different strength. (strong acid and weak base, or weak acid and strong base).
A

Hydrolysis

37
Q

Allows you to determine the relative strength of an acid or base.

  • red and blue
  • The strong member of a hydrolysis solution would cause a change in the litmus paper while the weak would not.
A

Litmus reactions

Thanatochemistry (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions