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Thanatochemistry > Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

The study of substances that must contain at least one carbon atom.

A

Organic chemistry

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2
Q

An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen. This is the simplest carbon compound, and the carbon backbones may form chains, branched chains, or rings.

A

Hydrocarbons

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3
Q

The number of electrons an element needs to have a full valence electron shell.

A

Combining capacity

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4
Q

Carbon atoms bound together by single, double, or triple covalent bonds.

A

Carbon backbone/skeleton

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5
Q

A specific atom or group of atoms that is attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound and imparts an identifiable chemical behavior to the compound.

A

Functional groups

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6
Q

A chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance, without indicating how they are linked.

A

Molecular formula

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7
Q

A condensed version of structural formula, written all on one line and demonstrating the relationship of the substituent groups in the molecule.

A

Line formula

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8
Q

A chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms and the bonds of every atom.

A

Structural formula

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9
Q

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds, and contains the maximum amount of hydrogen attached to the carbons.

A

Saturated hydrocarbon

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10
Q

Rather than having the maximum attachment of hydrogen, the space in these hydrocarbons is used by creating a double or triple bond between other carbons.

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

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11
Q

A type of alkene that loses one hydrogen to be able to attach to any of the functional groups. This is not a functional group.

A

Alkyl group

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12
Q

Two or more substances that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas.

A

Isomer

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13
Q

Circular in shape, and have at least one double covalent bond between carbons.

A

Arene (Cycloalkene) group

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14
Q

Single bonded and circular in shape.

A

Cycloalkane (Cyclane) group

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15
Q

Property of cycloalkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons- alternate double bonds between carbons that can “flip-flop” around.

A

Resonance

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16
Q

Property of cycloalkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons- electrons are moving between carbons.

A

Delocalization

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17
Q

During a substitution reaction, one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced to create this.

A

Benzene derivatives

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18
Q
  • Can contain any element
  • Molecules are small in size
  • Ionize in water, most bonds are ionic
  • Faster rate of reactions
  • Results in large changes in the molecules
  • Only 4 different kinds of compounds are formed (acid,base,salt, oxides).
A

Inorganic Chemistry

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19
Q
  • Must contain at least 1 carbon atom
  • Molecules formed are usually large
  • Do not ionize in water, most bonding is covalent
  • Reactions are slower
  • Small molecular changes greatly affect function
  • At least 12 possible compounds formed
A

Organic Chemistry

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20
Q

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon

A

Four elements used the most in organic chemistry

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21
Q

Hydrogen- 1
Oxygen- 2
Nitrogen- 3
Carbon- 4

A

Combining capacities for the 4 elements used most in organic chemistry

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22
Q

How many ways can a carbon be joined to another carbon when creating a carbon backbone?

A

3 - Single, double, or triple bonded.

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23
Q

CH20

A

Molecular formula for formaldehyde

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24
Q

HCHO

A

Line formula for formaldehyde

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25
Q

H

H-C=O (pretend there is a line between the top H and the carbon atom).

A

Structural formula for formaldehyde

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26
Q

If a hydrocarbon has 1-4 carbons, it would be found in nature as a _______.

A

Gas

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27
Q

If a hydrocarbon has 5-17 carbons, it would be found in nature as a _______.

A

Liquid

28
Q

If a hydrocarbon has 18 and higher carbons, it would be found in nature as a _______.

A

Solid

29
Q

Prefix for having 1 carbon

A

Meth

30
Q

Prefix for having 2 carbons

A

Eth

31
Q

Prefix for having 3 carbons

A

Prop

32
Q

Prefix for having 4 carbons

A

But

33
Q

Prefix for having 5 carbons

A

Pent

34
Q

Prefix for having 6 carbons

A

Hex

35
Q

Prefix for having 7 carbons

A

Hept

36
Q

Prefix for having 8 carbons

A

Oct

37
Q

Prefix for having 9 carbons

A

Non

38
Q

Prefix for having 10 carbons

A

Dec

39
Q

What kind of bond is found in alkanes?

A

Single covalent bonds

40
Q

Suffix used to name an alkane

A

-ane

41
Q

Fixed ratio used to define an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

42
Q
  1. Find the longest carbon chain
  2. Number the carbons in this longest chain
  3. Locate and name any alkyl groups attached to the longest chain.
A

Steps to help determine the name of an alkane.

43
Q

The alkyl group, when ordering the longest carbon chain in an alkane, should be the _______ number possible.

A

Lowest

44
Q
  1. Position of the alkyl group
  2. Name of the alkyl group
  3. Name of the longest chain
A

The listing order when naming an alkane

45
Q

Must have at least one double covalent bond, and also has single covalent bonds.

A

Alkene group

46
Q

-ene

A

suffix used to name an alkene

47
Q

CnH2n

A

Fixed ratio used to define an alkene

48
Q

CnH2n+1

A

Fixed ratio used to define an alkyl

49
Q

When ordering the longest carbon chain in an alkene, the double bond should be assigned to the _______ number possible.

A

Lowest

50
Q
  1. Position of the alkyl
  2. Name of the alkyl group
  3. Position of the double bond or triple bond
  4. Name of the longest chain
A

Order of name listed for an alkene (double bond) or alkyne (triple bond).

51
Q

Must contain at least one triple covalent bond, and also contains some single covalent bones.

A

Alkyne group

52
Q

-yne

A

Suffix used to name an alkyne

53
Q

CnH2n-2

A

Fixed ratio used to define an aklyne

54
Q
  1. Count the longest carbon chain
  2. Number the carbons
  3. The triple bond is assigned to the lowest number possible
  4. Assign any side chains
A

Used to help determine the name of an alkyne

55
Q

When ordering the longest carbon chain, the triple bond should be assigned to the _____ number possible.

A

Lowest

56
Q

Have at least one double covalent bond between carbons and is circular in shape.

A

Arene (cycloalkene) group

57
Q

Used as an organic solvent (common in dry cleaning)

A

Benzene

58
Q

Only one hydrogen has been replaced by another element

A

Monosubstituted

59
Q

More than one hydrogen has been replaced by another element.

A

Disubstitution

60
Q

Used as an organic solvent and as a paint thinner

A

Toluene (Methylbenzene)

61
Q

Has two adjacent substitutions

A

Ortho substitution

62
Q

Replacement at opposite sides of the ring.

A

Para substitution

63
Q

Has a substitution, skips a carbon, has another substitution.

A

Meta substitution

64
Q

Similar to alkanes, but form rings instead of chains.

A

Cycloalkanes (cyclanes)

65
Q

General formula is RX, R is the alkyl, X is the halide. A halide (Group 7A) may be attached to the alkyl backbone.

A

Alkyl Halides

66
Q

What are hydrocarbons primarily used for? Keep in mind that the C-H bond is high energy.

A

Energy

67
Q

Refer to the composition of the hydrocarbons

A

Octane readings (in gasoline)

Thanatochemistry (12 decks)

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