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RUSVM Toxicology > Inorganic And Organic Asenic > Flashcards

Inorganic And Organic Asenic Flashcards

1
Q

What is inorganic arsenic used for?

A

Ant and roach baits

Wood preservative

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2
Q

What 3 oxidative states does inorganic arsenic exist in?

A

Elemental
Trivalent (arsenite)
Pentavalent (arsenate)

Reacts with -SH group

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3
Q

What is the lethal oral dose of inorganic arsenic?

A

1-25mg/kg

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4
Q

What species are most susceptible to inorganic arsenic?

A

Herbivores

Dogs can get poisoned by ant and roach baits

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5
Q

What form of inorganic arsenic is most toxic?

A

Trivalent

Pentavalent is converted to trivalent in vitro

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6
Q

Inorganic arsenic is distributed all over the body but achieves higher concentrations in what tissues?

A

Liver and kidney

Also hair, hoof, nail and skin

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7
Q

Where is inorganic arsenic metabolized and excreted??

A

Met: liver and kidney by methylation

Ex: urine and milk. Small amounts can be lost in feces, saliva, sweat, hair, and exhalation

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8
Q

What is the MOA of inorganic arsenic?

A

Trivalent binds to 2-SH group of lipoid (thioctic acid)
Lipoid acid is a essential cofactor for enzymatic decarboxylaiton of keto acids

Inhibition of lipoic acid inhibits or slows glycolysis and CAC
Inhibition of oxidative enzymes and inactivates glutathione (GSH)
Vitamins B1 and B6 interference
Local corrosive effect

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9
Q

What tissues are most sensitive to inorganic arsenic?

A

Capillary endothelial cells

Intestines, liver, and kidney

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10
Q

What are the acute clinical signs of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

Rapid onset, colic, staggering, salvation, vomiting, thirst, watery diarrhea which may be hemorrhagic, possible hematuria, and death in 1-3days

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11
Q

What lesions would you see in inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

GI mucosal edema and hemorrhage with sloughing and perforation, liver and kidney damage.

Skin exposure causes skin lesions and blistering in addition to systemic lesions

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12
Q

What is your DDX for inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A 
Caustics 
Irritant plants
Urea
Pesticides
Severe acute heavy metal toxicosis
Monensin 
Blister beetle (horses) 
OP 
Hypomagnesemia 
Enteric bacterial and viral diseases
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13
Q

What is the treatment of inorganic arsenic?

A

Fluid and electrolyte
Treat acidosis

Decontamination

  • lavage (only early)
  • mineral oil
  • activated charcoal

Chelation therapy

  • dimercapol (BAL)- chelator of choice for inorganic arsenic
  • dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)- safer but less effective
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14
Q

What is organic arsenic used for?

A

Feed additives to improve weight gain and feed efficiency and to control enteric infections in swine and poultry

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15
Q

What organic arsenic is mainly used in swine?

A

Arsanilic acid

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16
Q

What organic arsenic is mainly used in poultry?

A

Roxarsone

17
Q

What oxidation state ins organic arsenic in?

A

Pentavalent

18
Q

T/F: organic pentavalent aresnicals are less toxic than inorganic arsenic

A

True

19
Q

The recommended concentration of arsanilic acid as a growth promoter swine is _____________ppm

A

50-100

20
Q

What level of arsanilic acid will cause toxicosis in swine?

A

500ppm for 7-10days

21
Q

What level of roxarsone will cause toxicosis is swine?

A

250ppm for 7-10days

This is half the amount of arsanilic acid

22
Q

What factors can enhance the toxicity of organic aresnicals?

A

Dehydration
Water deprivation
Renal insufficiency

—> excreted unchanged in kidney

23
Q

What is the MOA of organic arsenicals?

A

Unknown

Causes peripheral nerve demyelination and axonal damage (similar to vit B deficiency)

24
Q

How do clinical signs in swine differ between arsanilic acid and roxarsone?

A

Arsanilic acid : incoordiantion, ataxia, partial paralysis, blindness

Roxarsone: hyperexcitability, tremor, collapse, coma (no blindness)

25
Q

What clinical signs does arsanilic acid and roxarsone cause in poultry

A

Arsanilic acid: anorexia, depression, coma

Roxarsone: incoordination and ataxia

26
Q

What lesions can you see on swine due to organic arsenicals?

A

Erythema

Muscle atrophy in chronic cases

27
Q

What is the DDX for arsanilic acid toxicosis in swine?

A

Subacute selenium tox (paralysis without blindness )
Organic mercury (seizure)
Vit B complex deficiency
Infectious disease

28
Q

What is the DDX for roxarsone in swine?

A

Pesticides

Water dep/Na toxicosis

29
Q

How do you treat organic arsenical toxicosis?

A

Supportive therapy

  • water/fluids
  • vitamins
  • antibiotics

Withdrawal of organic arsenicals (duh)

RUSVM Toxicology (23 decks)

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