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AUDE 5160 - Anatomy > Inner Ear Review 2 > Flashcards

Inner Ear Review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is IMM important

A

helps to overcome loss of the sound wave coming in acoustically

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2
Q

these cells are the first row of supporting cells only for the OHC’s, all the way up to the stereocilia

A

Dieter cells

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3
Q

these support the whole structure of the organ of corti

A

Hensen’s cells

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4
Q

help create the tunnel in organ of corti

A

outer and inner pillars

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5
Q

picks up info and carries it away

A

afferent/sensory

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6
Q

going to the motor unit

A

efferant/motor

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7
Q

Explain sound process to this point

A

Sound is funneled by the pinna into the EAC striking the TM (acoustic) - Ossicles vibrate (mechanical) and increase in energy due to IMM - footplate rocks into oval window in the scala vestibuli - Wave gets released through the scala tympani at the round window - wave also stimulates the BM at the best frequency releasing neuro chemicals to be sent to the brain (electro-chemical)

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8
Q

connects the scala media of cochlea to the saccule

A

ductus reuniens

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9
Q

this attaches to the membraneous portion running through the vestibular aqueduct to the sac to empty into the dura in the brain

A

endolymphatic duct

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10
Q

The cell bodies for cochlear fibers of CN VIII are

A

spiral ganglia

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11
Q

The cell bodies for vestibular fibers of CN VIII are

A

scarpa’s ganglia

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12
Q

the thin passageway that connects the saccule to the cochlear duct is:

A

ductus reuniens

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13
Q

fluid inside the ductus reuniens?

A

endolymph

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14
Q

how many vestibular sensory epithelial areas are there in one ear?

A

5

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15
Q

how many vestibular sensory epithelial areas are there in one head?

A

10

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16
Q

List the areas where you find the sensory epithelium with vestibular hair cells within the inner ear?

A

3 ampullae (anterior, posterior, lateral), utricle, saccule

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17
Q

How do the waves travel from the stapes footplate?

A
  1. across reissner’s membrane where the fluid pushes down from vestibuli to tympani and then out the round window
  2. entire length of the BM is displaced (regardless of pressure) but due to stiffness gradient of BM, the frequency of the wave will dictate which organ of corti along the BM will be max displaced
18
Q

endolymph is high in

A

potassium

19
Q

ST, SV and CSF are high in

A

sodium

20
Q

Are compositions of perilymph in ST and SV the same?

A

No, SV has higher potassium and lower sodium

21
Q

What is endocochlear potential

A

endolymph has low calcium content and held at a positive voltage (80-85 mV) and only found in the cochlear duct

22
Q

Where do we find the highest EP?

A

highest at the basal turn and decreases towards the apex

23
Q

What is EP dependent on?

A

metabolism and ion transport

24
Q

If there is anoxia or occluded blood supply with ion transport inhibitors (diharetics), what happes to EP

A

rapidly falls and becomes negative

25
Q

What is the site of EP generation

A

stria vascularis

26
Q

What is the most common inherited cause of sensorineural deafness?

A

defects in genes that code for connexin proteins that form gap junction

27
Q

ion transporters of stria vascularis are the same as those in what

A

kidney

28
Q

concentration in solutions

A

millimolar

29
Q

process of the hair cells turning mechanical energy into a potential change

A

potassium in through stereocilia, calcium in through cell wall channels, carries glutamate+ out to CN8 afferent ganglion

30
Q

Process of the sensory system receptors

A

External stimulus — accessory structure — sensory receptor cell — synapse — sensory neuron — synapse

31
Q

What are the specialized sensory neurons for our hearing system?

A

OHC IHC

32
Q

What does it mean to have “graded” sensory receptor cells

A

Amplitude modulated (increased stimulus intensity = increased voltage change)

33
Q

Simplified sound transmission process:

A
  1. Sound strikes the tympanic membrane
  2. Bones vibrate
  3. Oval window moves fluid in the scala vestibule
  4. The fluid pushes on the respective location of the basilar membrane and activates the movement of the tectorial membrane
  5. The stereocilia are activated to open ion channels
  6. Waves are dissipated back into the middle ear space through the round window
34
Q

what lays on top of the outer hair cells steriocillia?

A

Tectorial membrane

35
Q

what supplies blood and oxygen to the cochlea?

A

stria vascularis

36
Q

ratio of outer to inner hair cells

A

3 outer to 1 inner

37
Q

the cochlea is ______ organized

A

tonotopically

38
Q

high frequencies are at the

A

base

39
Q

the OHC only enhance sounds from _________ dB

A

0-40 dB

40
Q

what do the sereocilia sit on?

A

cuticular plate

41
Q

What is depolarization?

A

make something more positive
inside of hair cells from -45 mV to 0mV
excitatory process

42
Q

What is hyperpolarization?

A

make something more negative
overshoots and goes from -45 ot -65 mV
inhibitory in neural transmission

AUDE 5160 - Anatomy (16 decks)

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