Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AUDE 5160 - Anatomy > AVS Reflexes and Evoked Potentials > Flashcards

AVS Reflexes and Evoked Potentials Flashcards

1
Q

Is evoked spontaneous?

A

no, it needs something to stimulate it to get a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are potentials?

A

measure voltage changes that we evoked by a sound
ex: receptor, resting membrane, action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we test our acoustic reflexes?

A

ART and reflex decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what frequencies do we test for ART

A

500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What frequencies do we test for reflex decays

A

500 Hz, 1000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the normal range for testing ARTs?

A

70-90 dB above pure tone AC threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the reflexes for the vestibular system?

A

Vestibulo-ocular (eyes)
Vestibulocollic (neck)
Vestibulospinal (spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

negative polarity at one end and a positive polarity at the other end

A

dipole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Needle electrodes during a surgery

A

near field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

disc/surface electrodes in a clinical office

A

far field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the cochlear microphonic?

A

alternating current potential that follows the waveform of the evoking stimulus
mimics the stimulus and AC looks like a sine wave
generated by the outer hair cells mainly (some contribution from IHC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is summation potential

A

direct current produced in the cochlea in response to a sound
derived mainly from IHC but some OHC as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ABR wave I?

A

distal CN VIII (cochlea area of spiral ganglia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ABR wave II?

A

proximal CN VIII (Closer to BM) (approaching brainstem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ABR wave III?

A

cochlear nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ABR wave IV?

A

SOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ABR wave V?

A

LL / IC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does an ABR do?

A

measures absoute latency (where did it occur)
interpeak latency
amplitudes
amplitude ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the largest and most stable wave of an ABR?

A

Wave V - IC and LL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

normal time at peak one of ABR

A

1.5 msec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

normal time between waves 1 and 5 in ABR

A

5.5 msec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

normal time at peak III of ABR

A

3.5 msec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

normal time at peak II of ABR

A

2.5 msec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

normal time at peak IV of ABR

A

4.5 msec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

normal time at peak V of ABR

A

5.5 msec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the overall interpeak latency of waves I-V of ABR

A

4 msec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does wave I also represent?

A

compound action potential of ECochG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What if the Wave I-III latency was normal and only the Wave III-V interpeak latency showed abnormalities?

A

would indicate a lesion in the CANS was higher than the cochlear nucleus region and can guide further testing and imaging

28
Q

what would we see if there is damage to the cochlear nucleus? Would we see a reflex arc?

A

pure tone hearing loss on the ispi side to damage. no reflex on ispi or contra

29
Q

why is important to have a variety of cells in the CN and responses from those cells?

A

auditory life would be boring if we only had octopus giving us onset responses (would
world wouldn’t work well with communication or music if all we had was an onset responses and no other information and all we know is when it starts and that is it
variety of cells for responses to have rich auditory environment captured that we live in
think about only seeing one color

30
Q

What are response patterns in the CN?

A

rimary-like: initial spike and then steady response
Chopper-on-off and on-off
Onset-One initial spike and nothing else
Pauser-similar to primary with a pause
Build up—gradual increase

31
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters in CN

A

glutamate and aspartate

32
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters in CN

A

GABA and glycine

33
Q

descending neurotransmitter in CN

A

Acetylcholine and noradrenaline

34
Q

what is the largest projection from the CN?

A

trapezoid body tract coming from AVCN

35
Q

Where are EE cells and what do they respond to

A

MSO and respond to phase differences (ITD)

36
Q

Where are EI cells and what do they respond to

A

LSO and respond to intensity differences (ILD)

37
Q

EE = excited by both ____

A

Contralateral & ipsilateral input

38
Q

EI =

A

excited contralateral and inhibited ipsilaterally

39
Q

IE =

A

excited Ipsilateral and inhibited contralateral

40
Q

if both ispi and contra are inhibited

A

II cell

41
Q

first letter describes

A

contralateral response (E or I)

42
Q

second letter describes

A

neurons response to sound in the ipsi ear

43
Q

why are pure tones not affected at the SOC?

A

they are already at the point of redundancy and enough gets through for a basic detection of the sound

44
Q

clinical significance in SOC

A

Pure tone thresholds not likely to be affected
Localization can be affected
Wave IV of ABR (some contribution to V)
Contralateral acoustic reflex abnormalities, ipsilateral reflexes may be present
Poorer performance on tests which rely on binuaral integration (Masking Level Difference and others)

45
Q

What is the cell type of LL

A

mainly multipolar globular cells with elongated neurons

46
Q

tonotopic organization of LL

A

lows dorsal highs ventral

47
Q

what part of LL is important for startle reflex?

A

VNLL

48
Q

where is the obligatory relay station of the ascending auditory pathway

A

inferior colliculus

49
Q

what relies on IC?

A

dichotic listening tasks and localization and orientation of the head

50
Q

what is sensitive to binaural stimuli and interaural differences

A

MGB and IC

51
Q

what is the hypothesis of the MGB

A

it begins the processing of speech

52
Q

tracts that run from the spinal cord and through the BS to cerebrum with many nuclei

A

RF

53
Q

what systems are conneCted to RF

A

auditory, sensory, motor

54
Q

what are the two divisions of RF

A

ascending reticular activation system and motor activation system

55
Q

what is our alarm or alerting system

A

ARAS of RF

56
Q

mechanism that helps with selective attention and listening in noise

A

ARAS of RF

57
Q

what is the main pathway from the MGB to the cerebrum

A

thalamocortical projections to cerebrum

58
Q

why is redundancy important

A

speech and communication in our rich environment
have multiple ways for sound to get from cn 8 to cortex
starts after leaving cn
goes ipsi, contra and through commisures to the cortex

59
Q

what is the primary auditory area

A

heschl’s gyrus

60
Q

is A1 planum temporale and the lateral fissure the same on both hemispheres?

A

no, larger on the left hemisphere where it is speech dominant

61
Q

receptive language processing area and spatial hearing area

A

planum temporale

62
Q

what is spatial hearing

A

in room with different noises and can close eyes and can tell where things are (ac or car going by)
can visual or spatial map in mind by what you hear
blind people
hear in noise
helps us maneuvar in the wosrld

63
Q

speech reception

A

wernickes

64
Q

expressive/motor

A

broca’s

65
Q

associate words with images, sensations amnd ideas

A

angular gyrus

66
Q

what gyri integrate auditory somatic and visual info

A

wernickes brocas supramarginal and angular gyrus

67
Q

responsible for temporal sequencing of acoustic events

A

insula

68
Q

gray matter that is medial to the insula and sensitive to auditory info

A

claustram

AUDE 5160 - Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions