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AUDE 5160 - Anatomy > Inner Ear Review 1 > Flashcards

Inner Ear Review 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of the inner ear

A

internal acoustic canal
semi circular canals
cochlea

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2
Q

primary sensory receptor of the hearing system

A

organ of corti

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3
Q

what wall holds the basilar membrane in the scala media?

A

spiral limbus

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4
Q

what is the “bump” on the stria vascularis called?

A

spiral prominence

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5
Q

where is endolymph produced in the inner ear?

A

marginal cells (stria vascularis) and dark cells (semi circular canals)

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6
Q

what is the space between the outer and inner hair cells called?

A

tunnel of corti

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7
Q

LSU on top means?

A

lateral ampular nerve, superior ampular nerve, and utricle nerve come from the superior vestibular nerve

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8
Q

what comes from the inferior vestibular nerve? (PS)

A

posterior ampullar nerve, main saccular nerv

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9
Q

the endolymphatic sac is encased in the __

A

vestibular aqueduct

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10
Q

where does the vestibular aquaduct go to?

A

dura mater

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11
Q

where does the endolymphatic sac leave the inner ear space?

A

between the utricle and saccule through the vestibular aquaduct

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12
Q

what is the perilymphatic duct?

A

pathway that connects the perilymph in the scala tympani and vestibule to the subarachnoid space

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13
Q

supporting cells of the organ of corti

A

hensen’s cells (next to ohc), claudius’ cells, deiter’s cells (under OHC), outer and inner epithelial pillar cells (make space for the tunnel of corti)

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14
Q

what is the name for the roof of the outer hair cells?

A

reticular lamina

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15
Q

What is the endocochlear potential?

A

the cochlea’s endolymph is positively charged at 80-100 mV

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16
Q

the endocochlear potential is highest where on the cochlea?

A

the basal turn

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17
Q

what can negatively affect the endocochlear potential?

A

lack of blood and oxygen, metabolism, ion transmitter inhibitors diuretics, etc.

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18
Q

Where is endocochlear potential located?

A

Stria vascularis

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19
Q

our OHC can fire very quickly because…

A

the endocochlear potential has a 120 mV difference between the cells and the endolymph (very excitatory environment)

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20
Q

what does the cochlear partition consist of?

A

basilar membrane, tectorial membrane and organ of corti

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21
Q

innervation of inner hair cells

A

more axosomatic afferent/sensory nerve fibers than axoaxonic motor/efferent fibers

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22
Q

outer hair cells primary function

A

mechanically amplify sound (by dancing)

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23
Q

what do the sereocilia sit on?

A

cuticular plate

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24
Q

how does the tectorial membrane attach to the organ of corti?

A

spiral limbus

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25
Q

what kind of transducers are the outer hair cells?

A

mechano-electrical (convert mechanical changes in voltage to length changes)

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26
Q

how is the cochlea “nonlinear”?

A

because it acts as a “filter” for frequencies to make sure only certain parts of the cochlea respond to certain frequencies, and then compresses those signals to fit our dynamic range

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27
Q

What causes hair cell damage?

A

presbycusis (age related; most common), acoustic trauma (hazardous noise), viral infections (measles, mumps, meningitis), autoimmune disorder, ototoxicity, head trauma, other pathologies

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28
Q

process of the hair cells turning mechanical energy into a potential change

A

potassium rushes in through the stereocilia (once they bend from shortest to tallest to open the channels), calcium comes in to the cell through cell wall channels, glutamate is carried out at the bottom of the cell to the CN VIII afferent ganglion

29
Q

What property allows for amplification of the basilar membrane?

A

motor-like properties (of OHC’s)

30
Q

What makes the stereocilia bend more?

A

change in the length of the cell

31
Q

What are the two labyrinthine systems?

A

Osseous labyrinth
membraneous labyrinth

32
Q

What part of the bony labyrinth is the central part with its lateral walls containing the oval window?

A

vestibule

33
Q

Two interconnected sacs in the vestibule:

A

utricle and saccule

34
Q

receptors cotntained here that are sensitive to gravity and linear movements of the head?

A

utricle and saccule

35
Q

filled with endolymph and consists of connective tissue and epithelium with 5 openings for the semicircular canals and duct connecting to the saccule

A

utricle

36
Q

The sense organ of the utricle (oval thickened area which fibers of vestibular branch of acoustic nerve terminates, covered in hair cells that respond to movement in the endolymph)

A

macula utriculi

37
Q

Has openings into the endolymphatic duct and cochlear duct

A

saccule

38
Q

The sense organ of the saccule

A

macula sacculi

39
Q

Receptors located in the ampuallae

A

cristae ampullaris

40
Q

central bony axis of cochlea

A

modiolus

41
Q

originates at the oval window and is continuous with the vestibule

A

scala vestibuli

42
Q

terminates at the round window

A

scala tympani

43
Q

filled with perilymph

A

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

44
Q

very narrow apex of the cochlea and connects SV to ST

A

helicotrema

45
Q

between the SV and ST, triangular passageway, roof is Reissner’s membrane amd floor is basilar membrane

A

scala media (cochlear duct)

46
Q

filled with endolymph and terminates at the helicotrema and contains organ of corti

A

scala media (cochlear duct)

47
Q

consists of a series of canals and cavities within the dense petrous portion of the temporal bone

A

bony labyrinth

48
Q

forms the central portion of the bony labyrinth and is continuous with the semicircular canals and with the cochlea.

A

vestibule

49
Q

Ovoid in shape, it measures about 5 mm in its antero-posterior and vertical dimensions and about 3 mm across

A

vestibule

50
Q

medial wall presents a number of small perforations including the orifice of endolymphatic duct

A

vestibule

51
Q

medial most portion of the osseous labyrinth & 35 mm in length

A

cochlea

52
Q

central core or pillar of bone of cochlea

A

modiolus

53
Q

crystals located in vestibule

A

otolysts/otoconia

54
Q

Where the posterior and anterior SCC connect

A

common crus

55
Q

cell bodies of cn 8 that ride around in the spiral of the cochlea,

A

spiral ganglion

56
Q

blood supply in cochlea, striped, lateral wall of the cochlear duct

A

stria vascularis (strip of epithelium)

57
Q

primary auditory neurons

A

spiral ganglion cells

58
Q

spiral ganglion cells located here, a spiral canal at the periphery of the modiolus

A

Rosenthal’s canal

59
Q

thickened connective tissue lateral to the stria vascularis.

A

spiral ligament

60
Q

thickened region of connective tissue on vestibular lip of osseous spiral lamina

A

limbus

61
Q

similar to CSF

A

Perilymph

62
Q

high in K+ and low in Na+

A

endolymph

63
Q

similar to intracellular fluid & large positive (+140mV) potential across hair cell membranes

A

endolymph

64
Q

where is CSF produced

A

choroid plexus in ventricles

65
Q

How many turns are in the cochlea

A

2 and a half turns (around modiolus)

66
Q

tissues that arches up to give rise to the Tectorial membrane

A

limbus

67
Q

allow us to hear 0 dB HL and are responsible for first 40-50 dB of hearing. they help to hear soft sounds and can change length in order to help stimulate IHC’s

A

outer hair cells

68
Q

primary efferent connection in the ear

A

OHC’s

69
Q
A

AUDE 5160 - Anatomy (16 decks)

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