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USMLE INMUNOLOGY > INNATE INMUNE SYSTEM > Flashcards

INNATE INMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 main functions of INMUNE SYSTEM?

A
  1. DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION
  2. DEFENSE AGAINST NEOPLASIA
  3. PRODUCTION INFLAMMATION (TISSUE DAMAGE)
  4. RECOGNITION AND RESPONSE TO FOREIGN TISSUES.
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2
Q

What function of inmune system is compromised in Autoinmune disease?

A

Production of inflammation

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3
Q

What are the 2 components of innate inmune system?

A

1.Bloodborne Component
2. Physical barrier Component

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4
Q

Bloodborne innate system’s elements

A

Complement System
PMN
NK Cells
Monocytes
APC’s

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5
Q

Physical barrier’s elements

A

Skin, mucosal membranes, stomach acid, saliva

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6
Q

Characteristics of the Innate Inmune System

A
  • NONSPECIFIC
  • RAPID EFFECT
  • COMPOSED OF BLOODBORNE + PHYSICAL BARRIER
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7
Q

Functions of the Innate inmune system (6)

A
  1. Recruitment of inmune cells (Inflammation)
  2. Activate complement cascade
  3. Kill virus infected cells (NK CELLS)
  4. Activate Adaptive Inmune Syst (APCs)
  5. Assist in phagocytosis of foreign material
  6. Physical/Chemical barrier against agents
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8
Q

Which element of the Innate IS is in charge of killing VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS

A

NK Cells

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9
Q

Which element of the Innate IS activates the Adaptive IS

A

Dendritic cells (APCs)

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10
Q

Which element assists in phagocytosis of foreign material

A

Complement cascade (C3b)

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11
Q

Via which element APCs detect microbes or tissue damage?

A

PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS
- Toll-Like Receptors

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12
Q

Once a Pattern Recognition Receptor is detected, it produces secretion of

A

CYTOKINES:
- IL-1
- TNF-alfa

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13
Q

Secretion of IL-1 and TNF-alfa promotes

A

Leukocyte migration

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14
Q

Which cells of the Innate IS can detect microbes and tissue damage?

A
  • APCs
  • Marophages
  • Neutrophiles
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15
Q

How does NK Cells recruitment is done?

A

Plasmacytoid (Specialized APCs) produce TYPE I IFN (alpha-beta)

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16
Q

Type I Interferon promotes

A
  • Anti viral state
  • Enhancing of NK Cells
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17
Q

How the Innate IS activates the Adaptive IS

A

2 vias:
1. Cytokine secretion (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6)
2. APCs presents to T-Cells via MHC II

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18
Q

Once they find an antigen, APCs will go to ____________

A

Lymph nodes for T-Cell activation

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19
Q

APCs promotes T-Cell activation via __________

A

MHC II

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20
Q

Which is the first cell in respond in bacterial/fungal infection?

A

NEUTROPHILES

21
Q

Which is the most abundant leukocyte?

A

NEUTROPHILES

22
Q

Which is the primary function of the neutrophil?

A

Phagocytosis

23
Q

Neutrophiles contain receptors for

A

Complement System
Antibodies

24
Q

Monocytes turn into ___________ when migrate to tissue

A

Macrophages

25
Q

Macrophages before migration to tissue are located in __________ and are known as ____________

A

Blood / Monocytes

26
Q

Function of the macrophages

A
  1. Regulation of inflammation (Cytokines)
  2. Phagocytosis
    3.Antigen presentation to T-Cells
  3. Tissue repair
27
Q

How do Macrophage activation occur?

A
  1. Component of microbes bind to PRR
  2. Via Cytokine IFN-Gamma
28
Q

Types of PRR

A
  1. Toll-like receptor
  2. NOD-like receptor
29
Q

Toll-like receptors bind to

A

Peptidoglycan
Flagellin
Viral RNA

30
Q

NOD-like receptors bind to

A

Biomolecules associated with cellular damage

31
Q

What is a Dendritic cell?

A
  • The PRIMARY APC for T-Cell (MHC II)
  • Link between Adaptive and Innate IS
32
Q

Mast cells are Leukocytes characterized for

A
  • Having large cytoplasmic granules
33
Q

Mast cell degranulation occurs when ____________ and promotes ______________

A

They bind to microbial products /
Secretion of Vasoactive substances and Proteolytic enzymes

34
Q

What kind of vasoactive substances do Mast Cells produce?

A

HISTAMINE
Sustance P

35
Q

Which leukocyte is in charge of combatting parasytic infections?

A

Basophils and Eosinophils

36
Q

NK Cells are essentially Lymphocytes without __________

A

T-Cell receptor

37
Q

Besides kill virus-infected cells, NK also kills ____________

A

Tumor cells

38
Q

Explain the cycle of activation between NK and Macrophages

A
  1. NK cells promote macrophage activation by secreting INF-Gamma
  2. Macrophages promote NK Cells activation by IL-15, IL-12 and Type I IFN.
39
Q

Which Cytokines activate NK Cells

A

IL-12, IL-15 and Type I IFN

40
Q

NK Cells can bind to Antibodies via

A

CD16

41
Q

How do NK Cells kill virus-infected cells

A

1) Secretion of Granzime/Perforins for Apoptosis
2) Via Antibody dependant cellular toxicity (Bind to AB via CD16)

42
Q

Activation of Complement System starts with

A

C3 is separated into C3a and C3b

43
Q

C3b is in charge of

A

Profuction of Opsin by C3b = Enhancing of Phagocytosis

44
Q

C3a is in charge of

A

Chemotaxis ( and activation of C5a) = Inflammation

45
Q

Complement’s C5a function

A

Activation of MAC Complex = Cell Lysis

46
Q

Which components of Complement System form the MAC Complex

A

C6-C9

47
Q

Pathways of Complement System Activation

A

1) Alternative pathway
2) Classical pathway
3) Lectin pathway

48
Q

Which Complement activation pathway is antibody-mediated?

A

Classical pathway

49
Q

Which complement activation pathway is associated to innate IS?

A

Alternative pathway

USMLE INMUNOLOGY (11 decks)

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