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USMLE INMUNOLOGY > ADAPTIVE INMUNE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ADAPTIVE INMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cellular inmunity refers to Inmunity mediated by

A

T-CELLS

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2
Q

Humoral inmunity refers to Inmunity mediated by

A

B-CELLS

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3
Q

Functions of Adaptive Inmune System

A
  1. Identification of SPECIFIC antigen and its destruction
  2. Inmune Memory for SPECIFIC antigen
  3. Clonal Expantion
  4. Lymphocyte repertorie
  5. Prevention of self-injury (Non-reactivity)
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4
Q

Clonal expantion stands for

A

A high number of Lymphocytes for a unique specific antigen

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5
Q

Lymphocyte Repertoire refers to

A

The sum of T-Cell and B-Cells RECEPTORS

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6
Q

Lympochytes with T-Cell Receptors are known as

A

T-Cells

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7
Q

T-Cell is in charge of _____________________ and are activated by ________

A

Cell mediated Inmunity / Via APCs

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8
Q

Where do T-Cells are born and where do they mature?

A

Born: Bone Marrow
Mature: Thymus

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9
Q

Final location of T-Cells

A

Spleen and Lymph Nodes

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10
Q

T-Cells can only identify Protein antigens located in ______

A

MHC Molecules

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11
Q

What is TCD4 cell?

A

T-Helper Cell

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12
Q

TCD4 cells bind to ________

A

MHC II

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13
Q

Activated TCD4 cells activates ___________

A

B-Cells and Cytotoxic T-Cells

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14
Q

What is a TCD8 cell?

A

T-Cytotoxic Cell

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15
Q

TCD8 cells bind to __________

A

MHC I

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16
Q

Activated TCD8 cells function

A

Kill infected cells by production of Granzymes and Perforins

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17
Q

What is a Regulatory T-Cell?

A

T-cell in charge of the down regulation of inumne response

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18
Q

What does a T-Cell receptor need for ACTIVATION

A

FIRST SIGNAL:
Binding of Antigen on APCs (TCR to MHC)

SECOND SIGNAL (Costimulatory signal)
Binding of CD28 (T-cell) and B7 (APCs)

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19
Q

The B7 receptor in APCs is also known as

A

CD 80/86

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20
Q

B-cells are characterized for containing ____________ on its surface

A

Antibodies

21
Q

B-cells are in charge of

A

Humoral-mediated inmunity

22
Q

How long do activation of B-Cell receptors take?

A

2-7 days

23
Q

B-cells are produced in _________

A

Bone Marrow

24
Q

B-Cells final destination once mature

A

Spleen and Lymphoid nodules

25
Q

B-Cells only secrete Antibodies in response of

A

SPECIFIC ANTIGEN

26
Q

B-cells that does not secrete antibodies are known as

A

Naive B-Cells

27
Q

How is B-Cell receptor known?

A

ANTIBODY or INMUNOGLOBULIN

28
Q

How does B-Cell activation occur?

A

1) B-Cells find a specific antigen and bind to it and charge it in its MHC II molecule
2) MHC II on B-Cells bind to TCR on TCD4 (FIRST SIGNAL)
3) CD40 on B-Cells bind to CD40L on TCD4 (SECOND SIGNAL)

29
Q

Activated B-Cells functions:

A
  1. Production and secretion of Antibodies
  2. Classtype Switching
  3. Maduration for affinity
30
Q

What is an Antibody?

A

Receptors on B-Cells (also called Inmunoglobulins) that identify and neutralize pathogens.

31
Q

Antibody structure

A

Made of a Light Chain (L) and a Heavy Chain (H)

32
Q

Regions in the Antibody

A

1) Constant Region (Fc): Determines TYPE OF ANTIBODY and BIND TO COMPLEMENT

2)Antigen-finding region (Fab): Unique and BIND TO ANTIGEN

33
Q

Which region of Inmunoglobulins bind to complement?

A

Constant region (Fc)

34
Q

Which region of Inmunoglobulins bind to antigen?

A

Antigen-Finding region (Fab)

35
Q

What kind of antibodies there are?

A

Monomers: IgD, IgE, IgG
Dimers: IgA
Pentamers: IgM

36
Q

Most abundant Inmunoglobulin in blood

A

IgG

37
Q

IgG is produced by _________

A

Activated B-Cells

38
Q

Function of IgG

A
  • Fixes complement (Classical pathway)
  • Opsonizes bacteria
  • Neutralizes toxins and viruses.
39
Q

Which Inmunoglobulin can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

40
Q

IgA is primarily found in

A

MUCOSAL SURFACES and SECRETIONS to prevent colonization

41
Q

Which Inmunoglobulin does not fix to complement

A

IgA

42
Q

Where are IgM found?

A

Surface of B-Cells

43
Q

Which is the first Antibody produced by inmature B-Cells?

A

IgM

44
Q

Why in T-Cell affecting diseases there is only IgM?

A

Because lack of T-Cells mean no B-Cell activation = No class switching = Only IgM

45
Q

Fc Region of IgE binds to

A

Mast cells and Basophiles

46
Q

Exposure of IgE to Antigen produce

A

CROSS-LINKING and Release of inflammatory mediators

47
Q

IgE is associated with ______ Hypersensitivity and is the defense mechanism against ___________

A

Type I / Parasytic infection

48
Q

What is V(D)J Recombination?

A

Process that generates diversity of T-Cell and B-Cell Receptors

49
Q

V(D)J Recombination needs:

A
  • RAG 1
  • RAG 2
  • TdT

USMLE INMUNOLOGY (11 decks)

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