innate immune system Flashcards
**U CANT HAVE ADAPTIVE WITHOUT INNATE, BC INNATE IS THE ONE THAT ACTIVATES IT
OK
which cells activate the adaptive immunity?
dentricitc cells of innate
diff btw adaptive and innate?
Immediate protection • Fast (within seconds) • Lack of specificity • Lack of memory • No change in intensity
Adaptive Immunity • Slow(days) • Specificity • Immunologic memory • Changes in intensity
name the physical barriers of the innate immune system
-skin
-muscous membrane >mouth >respiratory tract >GI tract >urinary tract
-bronchial cilia
which condition is the bronchial cilia affected?
cystic fibrosis,
name the biological barriers of the innate immune system
-NORMAL FLORA
-nonpathogenic microbes
nasopharynx
mouth throat
skin
GI tract
vagina
ABSENT IN INTERNAL ORGANS AND TISSUES
what causes the vagina to be so acidic? why is this important? what may cause this acid environment to be destroyed?
the presence of a bacteria called “Lactobacilli” which produce lactic acid from glycogen thereby maintaining a low PH.
this is important bc it prevents the growth of fungi ex: candida albicans. (it is there but cannot grow). if u treat ur patients with antibiotics this can destroy the normal flora and cause VAGINAL THRUSH.
which condition is the bronchial cilia affected?
cystic fibrosis
functions of normal flora (3)
- commensals (take the space and hides nutrients)
- produce antimicrobial chemicals
- synthesize Vit K & B12
which type of bacteria is most commonly associated with prosthetic devices?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
which pathogen is most common in causing a vaginal thrush?
Candida albicans
what is the major cause of presence of bacteria in the blood?
poor dental hygiene/dental work
- dental extraaction
- gingivitis
- brushing-flossing
flora in ur mouth can get into bloodstream may cause endocarditis
Why patients w/ no spleen or nonfunctional spleen have a high risk in causing blood borne pathogenic infection?
bacteria present in the blood won’t be filtered out by spleen and immune response is not properly made
Also, To remove capsulated bacteria we need the Spleen, cuz the spleen helps us make antibodies which act as opsonins!
ex: Hemphilis, N meningitis, Strep Pnemonia
what is an opportunistic infection?
n
When normal flora is depleted by antibiotics
- Intestine -> severe colitis (Clostridium difficile)
* Vagina -> thrush (Candida albicans)
shamayal takes antacids, which condition is she most likely to develop?
food poisoning
define cellulitis, which bacteria is most likely to cause it?
an infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue, presenting erythema, warmth, tenderness, swelling.
a patient developed a UTI, and severe vaginal thrush, which of class of medicine is the most likely cause? why?
antibiotics, reduces normal flora allowing the colonisation by pathogenic microbes
Where can u find normal flora? Where do u not find them?
Nasopharynx Mouth/throat Skin Gi tract Vagina
In organs and tissues
What r the different ways in which normal flora can be disolaced from their normal location?
Burns
Surgery
Injection drug users
Iv lines
- fecal-oral route
- fecal-perineal urethral route
