Innate and Learned Behavior Flashcards
Define innate behavior
behavior inherited from parents; controlled by genes
What are the two basic kinds of movement seen in invertebrate animals?
taxis and kinesis
Define taxis
a directed response to a stimulus
Define chemotaxis
response to chemicals in the environment
Define phototaxis
response to light
Define gravitaxis
response to gravity
Define rheotaxis
response to water current
Define thigmotaxis
response to touch
What are two invertebrates used to investigate taxes?
planaria and euglena
Define kinesis
a movement in response to a non-directional stimulus
Define orthokinesis
when an organism moves slowly or rapidly (changes speed) in response to a stimulus
Define klinokinesis
when an organism turns slowly or rapidly in response to a stimulus
What organism can be used to test kinesis?
isopods
What controls the reflexes?
autonomic nervous system
What are the five components of a reflex arc?
receptor cell, sensory neuron, a relay neuron in the spinal cord, and a motor neuron which carries the message to the effector
Describe the pain reflex (7)
Receptor cell receive the stimulus
The receptors detect a stimulus and generate a nerve impulse in the sensory neuron
The sensory neurons carry the impulse towards the spinal cord
The axon of the sensory neuron enters the spinal cord and sends a chemical message across synapse to a relay neuron
The relay neurone synapses with the motor neuron and transfers the impulse across the synapse
The motor neuron carries the impulse to an effector
AN effector in an organ that performs the response
How the process of learning can improve the chances of survival?
LEARNING: allows an individual to respond to change in the environment, to adjust their behaviour accordingly and increase their chance of survival.
Define operant conditioning
Operant conditioning - the use of consequences to modify behaviour
Define classical conditioning
Classical conditioning - pairing of a stimuli with a previous neutral stimulus
Define observation
Observation - watching repeated behaviour which in turn modifies their own behaviour
Define imprinting
Imprinting - learning which occurs at a specific stage of life which is rapid
Describe Pavlov’s experiments
Used to train dogs
- Unconditional stimuli and response - automatic response to a stimuli (dogs salivate at sight of food)
- Neutral stimuli - a stimuli which does not cause a response (ringing a bell)
- Conditioning - neutral and unconditional stimuli used together (dog begins to associate bell with food and salivates)
- Conditioned stimulus and response - ringing bell without food causes dog to salivate
