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HL Biology > 2.3 Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

2.3 Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

1
Q

How are eukaryotic cells theorized to form?

A

Endosymbiotic theory

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2
Q

How is the nucleus shaped?

A

Double membrane (nuclear envelope), with pores to allow communication with cytoplasm

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3
Q

When cell is not dividing where are the chromosomes?

A

not visible. exist in the form of chromatin at this time

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4
Q

What is chromatin made of?

A

strands of DNA and 8 histones that make up a nucleosome

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5
Q

What is difference in location of nucleus between plant and animal cell?

A

nucleus centrally located in animal cells, pushed to the side in plant cells

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6
Q

Where are ribosomes manufactured?

A

nucleolus

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7
Q

What is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm between organelles called?

A

cytosol

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8
Q

What is cytosol?

A

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm between organelles

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9
Q

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (lipids)(2)?

A

produces lipids and phospholipids for membrane, transports lipid-based compounds

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10
Q

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (sex hormones)?

A

produces sex hormones

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11
Q

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (drugs)?

A

detoxification of drugs in liver cells

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12
Q

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (calcium)?

A

stores calcium ions for muscle contraction

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13
Q

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (glucose)?

A

aids liver in releasing glucose into bloodstream

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14
Q

What type of endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes?

A

rough ER has ribosomes on it, smooth Er doesn’t

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15
Q

Where are ribosomes located?

A

attached to rough ER or floating in cytoplasm

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16
Q

What is the difference between ribosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes – two subunits equal 80S Prokaryotes – two subunits equal 70S

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17
Q

What does the golgi apparatus consists of?

A

flattened sacs called cisternae

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18
Q

What is the golgi apparatus responsible for?

A

Collection, packaging, modification, and distribution of materials

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19
Q

What is responsible for the collection, packaging, modification, and distribution of materials?

A

golgi apparatus

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20
Q

Where is the cis side of the golgi apparatus?

A

near the rough ER

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21
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

digestive centers that come from golgi apparatus

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22
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, fuse with old organelles to help recycle them, break down materials brought into cell

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23
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

“Powerhouse” of the cell, producing usable cellular energy in the form of ATP

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24
Q

What type of ribosomes to mitochondria produce?

A

70S

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25
Q

What is important about the inner membrane of mitochondria?

A

Inner membrane is folded into cristae to increase surface area for cellular respiration

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26
Q

What types of cells are chloroplasts located?

A

algae and plant cells

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27
Q

What part of the chloroplast absorbs light?

A

thylakoids

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28
Q

What is the stroma?

A

similar to cytosol, contains enzymes necessary for photosynthesis

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29
Q

What is the centrosome?

A

Consists of a pair of centrioles at right angle to one another that are involved in assembling microtubules

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30
Q

What are microtubules important for?

A

cell division

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31
Q

What type of organism don’t have centrioles?

A

Plants

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32
Q

What are vacuoles?

A

storage organelles formed from Golgi apparatus

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33
Q

What do vacuoles store?

A

nutrients, metabolic waste, toxins, water

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34
Q

What do vacuoles allow cells to do?

A

have high surface area to volume

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35
Q

What do vacuoles allow in plants?

A

allow uptake of water providing rigidity

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36
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to DNA and proteins?

A

Pcells- Dna in a ring form without protein Ecells- DNA with proteins as chromosomes/chromatin

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37
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to DNA location?

A

Pcells- DNA free in cytoplasm (nucleoid region) Ecells- DNA enclosed within a nuclear envelope (nucleus)

38
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to mitochondria?

A

Pcells- no mitochondria Ecells- mitochondria present

39
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to ribosomes?

A

Pcells- 70S ribosomes Ecells- 80S ribosomes

40
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to internal compartmentalization?

A

Pcells- No internal compartmentalization to form organelles Ecells- Internal compartmentalization present to form many types of organelles

41
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to size?

A

Pcells-Size less than 10 micrometers Ecells-size more than 10 micrometers

42
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to exterior of the cell?

A

Pcells- exterior of cell includes an outer cell wall with a plasma membrane just inside Acells- exterior of cell includes only a plasma membrane, no cell wall

43
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to chloroplasts?

A

Pcells- chloroplasts are present in cytoplasm Acells- no chloroplasts

44
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to vacuoles?

A

Pcells- possess large central vacuoles Acells- vacuoles not ususlly present, or very small

45
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to carbohydrates?

A

Pcells- store carbohydrates as starch Acells- store carbohydrates as glycogen

46
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to centrioles?

A

Pcells- do not contain centrioles within a centrosome area Acells- contain centrioles within a centrosome area

47
Q

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to cell shape?

A

Pcells-because a rigid cell wall is present, this cell type has a fixed angular shape Acells- without a cell wall, this cell is flexible and more likely to be rounded shape

48
Q

What are the exceptions to cell theory?

A

1) Viruses cannot metabolize or reproduce on their own 2) Skeletal muscle and some fungal hyphae are not divided into cells but have a multinucleate cytoplasm.

49
Q

What is number 1?

A

pinocytotic vesicle

50
Q

What is number 2?

51
Q

What is number 3?

A

golgi vesicles

52
Q

What is number 4?

53
Q

What is number 5?

54
Q

What is number 6?

A

cell (plasma) membrane

55
Q

What is number 7?

A

mitochondrion

56
Q

What is number 8?

A

golgi apparatus

57
Q

What is number 9?

58
Q

What is number 10?

59
Q

What is number 11?

A

centrioles

60
Q

What is number 12?

A

microtubules

61
Q

What is number 13?

62
Q

What is number 14?

63
Q

What is number 1?

A

golgi vesicles

64
Q

What is number 2?

65
Q

What is number 3?

66
Q

What is number 4?

67
Q

What is number 5?

68
Q

What is number 6?

69
Q

What is number 7?

A

large central vacuole

70
Q

What is number 8?

A

amyloplast (starch grain)

71
Q

What is number 9?

72
Q

What is number 10?

A

cell membrane

73
Q

What is number 11?

A

golgi apparatus

74
Q

What is number 12?

A

chloroplast

75
Q

What is number 13?

A

vacuole membrane

76
Q

What is number 14?

A

raphide crystal

77
Q

What is number 15?

A

druse crystal

78
Q

What is number 16?

A

mitochondrion

79
Q

What is number 17?

80
Q

What is number 1?

81
Q

What is number 2?

82
Q

What is number 3?

A

inner membrane

83
Q

What is number 4?

A

outer membrane

84
Q

What is number 1?

A

outer membrane

85
Q

What is number 2?

A

inner membrane

86
Q

What is number 3?

A

stroma lemellae

87
Q

What is number 4?

88
Q

What is number 5?

89
Q

What is number 6?

A

intermembrane space

90
Q

What is number 7?

A

granum (stack of thylakoids)

HL Biology (66 decks)

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