3.1 Chemical Elements and Water Flashcards
What is sulfur’s example role in plants?
in some amino acids
What is sulfur’s example role in animals?
in some amino acids
What is sulfur’s example role in prokaryotes?
in some amino acids
What is calcium’s example role in plants?
co-factor in some enzymes
What is calcium’s example role in animals?
co-factor in some enzymes and component of bones
What is calcium’s example role in prokaryotes?
co-factor in some enzymes
What is phosphorus’ example role in plants?
phosphate groups in ATP
What is phosphorus’ example role in animals?
phosphate groups in ATP
What is phosphorus’ example role in prokaryotes?
phosphate groups in ATP
What is iron’s example role in plants?
in cytochromes
What is iron’s example role in animals?
in cytochromes and hemoglobin
What is iron’s example role in prokaryotes?
in cytochromes
What is sodium’s example role in plants?
in membrane function
What is sodium’s example role in animals?
in membrane function and sending nerve impulses
What is sodium’s example role in prokaryotes?
in membrane function
What is cohesion?
water stick’s to itself
What is adhesion?
water stick’s to other things
How does water moderate temperature?
absorbing heat from air that is warmer and releasing the stored heat to air that is cooler
What don’t oceans and lakes freeze?
ice floats
What is the overall function of sulfur?
Found in certain amino acids (cysteine and methionine), allowing proteins to form disulphide bonds
What is the overall function of calcium?
Found in bones and teeth, also involved in neurotransmitter release in synapses
What is the overall function of phosphorus?
Component of nucleic acids and cell membranes
What is the overall function of iron?
Found in hemoglobin (animals), allowing for oxygen transport
What is the overall function of sodium?
Involved in the generation of nerve impulses in neurons
What are the 3 thermal properties of water and their purpose?
Water has a high specific heat capacity (the measure of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of substance by 1°C)
Water has a high heat of vaporisation (amount of energy absorbed per gram as it changes from a liquid to a gas / vapour)
Water has a high heat of fusion (amount of energy required to be lost to change 1 g of liquid to 1 g of solid at 0°C)
These properties occur as a result of the extensive hydrogen bonding between water molecules - this allows water to absorb considerable amounts of energy with little change in form (H-bonds need to be broken first)
Why do cohesion and adhesion occur?
These properties occur as a result of the polarity of a water molecule and its ability to form hydrogen bonds with appropriate molecules
Why does water have its solvent properties?
This occurs because the polar attraction of large quantities of water molecules can sufficiently weaken intramolecular forces (such as ionic bonds) and result in the dissociation of the atoms
What can water dissolve?
many organic and inorganic substances that contain electronegative atoms (such as fluorine, oxygen and nitrogen)
Why is water important to photosynthesis?
Water is transparent, allowing light to pass through it
Where is the cytoplasm located and what reactions occur there?
fluid inside cell but outside organelles; glycolysis/protein synthesis reactions
Where is the nucleoplasm located and what reactions occur there?
fluid inside nuclear membrane; DNA replication/transcription
Where is the stroma located and what reactions occur there?
fluid inside chloroplast membrane; light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
Where is the blood plasm located and what reactions occur there?
fluid in arteries, veins, and capillaries; loading and unloading of respiratory gases/clotting
