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HL Biology > 3.1 Chemical Elements and Water > Flashcards

3.1 Chemical Elements and Water Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sulfur’s example role in plants?

A

in some amino acids

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2
Q

What is sulfur’s example role in animals?

A

in some amino acids

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3
Q

What is sulfur’s example role in prokaryotes?

A

in some amino acids

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4
Q

What is calcium’s example role in plants?

A

co-factor in some enzymes

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5
Q

What is calcium’s example role in animals?

A

co-factor in some enzymes and component of bones

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6
Q

What is calcium’s example role in prokaryotes?

A

co-factor in some enzymes

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7
Q

What is phosphorus’ example role in plants?

A

phosphate groups in ATP

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8
Q

What is phosphorus’ example role in animals?

A

phosphate groups in ATP

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9
Q

What is phosphorus’ example role in prokaryotes?

A

phosphate groups in ATP

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10
Q

What is iron’s example role in plants?

A

in cytochromes

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11
Q

What is iron’s example role in animals?

A

in cytochromes and hemoglobin

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12
Q

What is iron’s example role in prokaryotes?

A

in cytochromes

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13
Q

What is sodium’s example role in plants?

A

in membrane function

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14
Q

What is sodium’s example role in animals?

A

in membrane function and sending nerve impulses

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15
Q

What is sodium’s example role in prokaryotes?

A

in membrane function

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16
Q

What is cohesion?

A

water stick’s to itself

17
Q

What is adhesion?

A

water stick’s to other things

18
Q

How does water moderate temperature?

A

absorbing heat from air that is warmer and releasing the stored heat to air that is cooler

19
Q

What don’t oceans and lakes freeze?

A

ice floats

20
Q

What is the overall function of sulfur?

A

Found in certain amino acids (cysteine and methionine), allowing proteins to form disulphide bonds

21
Q

What is the overall function of calcium?

A

Found in bones and teeth, also involved in neurotransmitter release in synapses

22
Q

What is the overall function of phosphorus?

A

Component of nucleic acids and cell membranes

23
Q

What is the overall function of iron?

A

Found in hemoglobin (animals), allowing for oxygen transport

24
Q

What is the overall function of sodium?

A

Involved in the generation of nerve impulses in neurons

25
Q

What are the 3 thermal properties of water and their purpose?

A

Water has a high specific heat capacity (the measure of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of substance by 1°C)
Water has a high heat of vaporisation (amount of energy absorbed per gram as it changes from a liquid to a gas / vapour)
Water has a high heat of fusion (amount of energy required to be lost to change 1 g of liquid to 1 g of solid at 0°C)
These properties occur as a result of the extensive hydrogen bonding between water molecules - this allows water to absorb considerable amounts of energy with little change in form (H-bonds need to be broken first)

26
Q

Why do cohesion and adhesion occur?

A

These properties occur as a result of the polarity of a water molecule and its ability to form hydrogen bonds with appropriate molecules

27
Q

Why does water have its solvent properties?

A

This occurs because the polar attraction of large quantities of water molecules can sufficiently weaken intramolecular forces (such as ionic bonds) and result in the dissociation of the atoms

28
Q

What can water dissolve?

A

many organic and inorganic substances that contain electronegative atoms (such as fluorine, oxygen and nitrogen)

29
Q

Why is water important to photosynthesis?

A

Water is transparent, allowing light to pass through it

30
Q

Where is the cytoplasm located and what reactions occur there?

A

fluid inside cell but outside organelles; glycolysis/protein synthesis reactions

31
Q

Where is the nucleoplasm located and what reactions occur there?

A

fluid inside nuclear membrane; DNA replication/transcription

32
Q

Where is the stroma located and what reactions occur there?

A

fluid inside chloroplast membrane; light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

33
Q

Where is the blood plasm located and what reactions occur there?

A

fluid in arteries, veins, and capillaries; loading and unloading of respiratory gases/clotting

HL Biology (66 decks)

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