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HL Biology > 2.1: Cell Theory > Flashcards

2.1: Cell Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main principles of cell theory?

A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells Cells are the smallest units of life All cells come from pre-existing cells

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2
Q

What has helped to gain credibility for the cell theory?

A

the microscope

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3
Q

What did Robert Hooke do and in what year?

A

1665, First observed cells looking at a piece of cork under a microscope he built

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4
Q

Who first observed cells looking at a piece of cork under a microscope he built in 1665?

A

Robert Hooke

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5
Q

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek do and in what year?

A

observed first living cells under a microscope in 1670

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6
Q

Who observed first living cells under a microscope in 1670?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

What were the 4 types of cell Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed?

A

protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, and muscle fibers

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8
Q

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek refer to cells as?

A

animacules

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9
Q

Who referred to cells as animacules?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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10
Q

What did Mathias Schleden say in 1838?

A

Plants are made of “independent, separate beings”

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11
Q

What did Louis Pasteur do in the 1860’s?

A

Boiled chicken broth and showed living organisms would not spontaneously reappear

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12
Q

What are the 6 functions of life?

A

metabolism, growth, reproduction, homeostasis, response, nutrition

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13
Q

What is metabolism?

A

all chemical reactions that occur in organisms

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14
Q

What are all chemical reactions that occur in organisms?

A

metabolism

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15
Q

What is growth?

A

always evident in some way

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16
Q

What is always evident in some way?

A

growth

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17
Q

What is reproduction?

A

hereditary molecules passed to offspring

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18
Q

What is hereditary molecules passed to offspring?

A

reproduction

19
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

maintaining constant internal environment

20
Q

What is maintaining constant internal environment?

A

homeostasis

21
Q

What is response?

A

essential for survival

22
Q

What is the essential for survival?

A

response

23
Q

What is nutrition?

A

using compounds to provide energy to organisms

24
Q

What is using compounds to provide energy to organisms?

A

nutrition

25
Q

How does a light microscope work?

A

light passes through the specimen to form an image

26
Q

How does an electron microscope work?

A

electrons pass through a specimen to form an image

27
Q

What is the size of most cells?

A

100 micrometers

28
Q

What is the size of organelles?

A

10 micrometers

29
Q

What is the size of bacteria?

A

1 micrometer

30
Q

What is the size of viruses?

A

100 nano-meters

31
Q

What is the size of the cell membrane (thickness)?

A

10 nano-meters

32
Q

What is the size of molecules?

A

1 nano-meter

33
Q

How do you determine the magnification?

A

size of image/size of specimen

34
Q

Why don’t cells keep growing?

A

surface area to volume ration limits the size of sails

35
Q

What controls what enters and exits the cell?

A

cell membrane

36
Q

What type of cells can move more materials in and out of the cell?

A

cells with higher surface area to volume ratios

37
Q

What is the relationship between cell size and surface area?

A

inverse (large cell have a low surface area and small cells have a high surface area)

38
Q

What is the process cells go through to become multiple cell types?

A

Cell Differentiation

39
Q

What are two types of cells that lose the ability to reproduce once they differentiate?

A

nerve cells and muscle cells

40
Q

What is the difference between stem cells and other types of cells?

A

stem cells Retain the ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types

41
Q

Where are plant stem cells located?

A

meristematic tissue near roots

42
Q

Where are animal stem cells located?

A

embryo

43
Q

What type of microscope?

A

light

44
Q

What type of microscope?

A

electron

HL Biology (66 decks)

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