Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Innate/Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Innate/Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

immune response

A

body’s ability to defend against specific pathogens/foreign substances that develop decease-initiated by the body’s defense systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

innate immunity

A

-born with (inborn
-first line of defense
-ready state-before infections appear
-not antigen-specific
-early, rapid response
-directs/controls adaptive responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adaptive/acquired immunity

A

-acquired
-second line of defense
-antigen-specific (foreign pathogens)
-retains “memory” of pathogens
-later response (days later)
-involves membrane
-distinguishes self vs non self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cytokines

A

-proteins secreted by cells (macrophages) of the innate and adaptive immunity (Its, IFNs, TNF-a)
-“cell signaling”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chemokines

A

cytokines that stimulate migration and activation of immune and inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

colony-stimulating factors (CSF)

A

stimulate growth and differentiation of bone marrow progenitors of immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

granulocyte CSFs (G-CSF)

A

CSFs that the promote growth and maturing of neutrophils consumed in inflammatory reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

innate immunity characteristics

A

-physical barriers (epithelial cells, mucous membranes)
-monocytes/macrophages
-neutrophils (early arrivers
-natural killer cells
-complement system-cells/molecular components in the inflammatory process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epithelium in innate immunity

A

-has a high turnover rate-frequently washed (GI system, urinating, sneezing, coughing)
-physical barrier, blocks entry of infectious agents (ex: microbes)
-secretes antimicrobial enzymes/proteins/peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanisms of innate immunity

A

-monocytes/macrophages engulf and digest microbes-then remember what they ate and signal other parts of immune system
-neutrophils engulf and digest microbes-act as a signal for the site
-NK cells kill microbes and foreign agents (but don’t respond to specific antigens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

leukocytes in innate immunity

A

-move to infected areas, engulfs bacteria through phagocytosis
-then lysosomes digest the bacteria and breaks it into small proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

natural killer cell receptors

A

-NK cells have activating receptors that respond to: ligands from virus-infected or injured cells, and inhibiting receptors binding to MCH-1 self-recognition molecules (from normal cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why aren’t normal cells killed in the immune response?

A

-inhibitory signals from normal MHC-1 molecules override activating signals (in virus/tumor-infected cells the inhibitory receptor is not engaged, which allows activating for cell killing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

compliment system

A

-system inside of the blood that is essential for the activity of antibodies
-activation increase bacterial clumping which makes them more prone to phagocytosis (“tagging”)
-has 3 phases: initial activation phase, early-step inflammatory responses, late-step membrane attack response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

recognition systems

A

-pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like toll-like receptors (TLRs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

innate immune recognition

A

-not as specific
-receptors have limited diversity
-molecular patterns that are common to microbes
-effector cell types have identical receptors
-self-nonself discrimination by recognizing molecules of pathogens (NKs recognize MHC-1 molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adaptive immune recognition

A

-specific microbial molecules and distinct antibodies
-large diversity expressed through somatic genes
-clones of lymphocytes have unique receptors
-self-nonself discrimination by lymphocytes using MHC-1 and foreign peptides for recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

phagocyte response to pathogen

A

-PRRs identify PAMPs on the pathogen
-pathogens are phagocytosed and bind to lysosomes
-lysosomes kill pathogens and decrease the pH to activate granules to kill more pathogens
-NADPH creates superoxide ions which are converted to hydrogen peroxide, which kill excess pathogens

19
Q

humoral immunity (adaptive)

A

-protected by B-lymphocytes which make antibodies
-antibodies travel through blood and interact with antigens circulating in the cell

20
Q

cell-mediated immunity (adaptive)

A

-protection through cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that protect against virus-infected or cancer cells

21
Q

antigens

A

foreign substances that can stimulate an immune response

22
Q

antibodies

A

recognize antigens (ex: receptors on immune cells, secreted proteins from plasma cells)

23
Q

T and B cell differentiation

A

-T cells: bone marrow>lymphocyte stem cells>thymus gland>T cells>lymphoid tissue
-B cells: bone marrow>lymphocyte stem cells>B cells>lymphoid tissue

24
Q

initiation of adaptive immunity

A

-antigen presenting cells>T-helper cells activate cytokines which activate B cells for humoral immunity (memory B cells>plasma cells>antibodies)
-antigen presenting cells>T-helper cells activate cytokines>T-cytotoxic cells (TCR, CD8, MHC-1)>cell death>memory t-cells

25
Q

class 1 MHCs

A

-distributed in all nucleated cells
-give processed antigens to cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells, restrict cytolysis to virus/tumor/transplanted cells

26
Q

class 2 MHCs

A

-immune cells, antigen-presenting cells, B-cells, macrophages
-give processed antigen pieces to CD4 T-cells
-vital for effective interactions among immune cells

27
Q

t/f: function of MHCs are to mark foreign proteins as antigenic

A

false

28
Q

classes of immunoglobulins

A

-igG-GONE, immunity
-igA-1st letter, 1st defense
-igM-miserable, early immune response
-igE-emergency, allergic/sensitivity reactions
-igD-B-cells

29
Q

phases of humoral immunity

A

-primary and secondary response to same antigen
-primary-initial vaccinations-production of plasma cells and memory cells
-secondary-booster vaccines-produce immediate-antigen and antibody response (already has memory from 1st response)

30
Q

which immunity is characterized by development of a specific response to an antigen
a) innate
b) acquired
c) autoimmunity
d) alloimmunity

A

b) acquired

31
Q

parents of a newborn say that they do not think their child needs vaccines since the baby received immunity from the mother. is this correct?

A

no-igG (gone, immunity) only lasts for a few months

32
Q

passive immunity

A

-does not require ones immune system to be active
-transferred from host>recipient (ex: natural passive from igGs from mom to child in placenta and breastmilk)
-also can be from injections of high concentrations of antibodies (artificial passive) that give immediate immunity

33
Q

active immunity

A

-individuals immune system is actively involved in the immune response
-develops its own antibodies and responses to antigens
-made in response to specific vaccines (artificial active) or from infection (natural active)

34
Q

which process provides active immunity?
a) tetanus antitoxins
b) polio vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis
c) antibodies transferred through breast feeding
d) hepatitis B immune globin for a needle-stick injury

A

B) polio vaccine
-active involves the bodes immune response which is triggered from active infection and immunization

35
Q

which cells are associated with the humoral response
a) macrophages
b) monocytes
c) neutrophils
d) B-lymphocytes

A

d) B-lymphocytes
-antibodies are made by B-lymphocytes as part of the immune response. Granulocytes are part of the response to infection and innate immunity

36
Q

t/f: humoral and cell mediated immunity are types of innate immunity

A

false-part of adaptive immunity

37
Q

t/f: innate immune system can recognize and identify self from non self and microbial organisms

A

true

38
Q

t/f: innate immune system utilizes cytokines as part of its response

A

true-both innate and adaptive immunity use cytokines since they communicate and initiate interactions in the immune response

39
Q

t/f: parts of the innate immune system can be physical, chemical, lymphocytes and/or antibodies

A

false-the innate immune system is the first line of defense (ex: physical barriers like skin, chemical barriers like tears, and cellular defenders)

40
Q

t/f: innate immune system is quick-reacting

A

true-it rapidly determines self from non-self and fights against microorganisms within minutes/hours

41
Q

which part of pathogen recognition in the innate immune system is why the immune system does not attack every cell

A

PRRs-ensure cells are correctly identified

42
Q

t/f: all childhood vaccines are made of live viruses

A

false-almost exclusively made from non-living viruses

43
Q

t/f: passive immunity is achieved through immunization

A

false-active is since the immune system makes a response to the vaccine

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions