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Pathophysiology > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

overall manifestations of GI dysfunction

A

anorexia, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bleeding

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2
Q

retching

A

non-productive vomiting

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3
Q

primary constipation

A

from slow transit, pelvic floor dysfunction

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4
Q

secondary constipation

A

from diet, meds, disorders, aging, bad fiber intake

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5
Q

constipation manifestations

A

straining feeling, hard stool, incomplete emptying, <3 bowel movements/week

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6
Q

large-volume diarrhea cause

A

from excessive water and secretions in the intestines

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7
Q

small-volume diarrhea

A

excessive intestinal motility, no increase in volume of stool

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8
Q

exudative diarrhea/causes

A

contains mucus, proteins
causes: mood, inflammatory process

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9
Q

abdominal pain

A

usually from tissue injury/inflammation
types: visceral (from organs), referred, parietal

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10
Q

upper GI bleeding

A

esophagus, stomach, duodenum

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11
Q

lower GI bleeding

A

jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum

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12
Q

occult GI bleeding

A

bleeding that is not visible

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13
Q

hematochezia

A

bright red stool

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14
Q

melena

A

black stool

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15
Q

dysphagia/causes

A

difficulty/inability to swallow
causes: obstructions (ex: tumors), functional disorders (ex: GERD)

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16
Q

achalasia

A

causes dysphagia from lost neurons in the esophagus

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17
Q

dysphagia manifestations

A

pain, discomfort, regurgitation, vomiting, weight loss, aspiration

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18
Q

acid reflux happens when the valve between the stomach and esophagus
a) never closes
b) doesn’t open or close
c) relaxes at the wrong time
d) doesn’t close tightly enough
e) never opens

A

C, D

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19
Q

GERD

A

acid (chyme) reflux from the stomach that causes esophagitis
-low tone of the lower esophageal sphincter

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20
Q

GERD causes

A

abdominal pressure, delayed gastric emptying

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21
Q

GERD manifestations

A

heartburn from acid reflux, aspiration, dysphagia, cough, asthma, laryngitis, abdominal pain with eating

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22
Q

GERD treatment

A

PPIs

23
Q

barrett esophagus

A

from metaplasia: when SCE replaces SSE in the esophagus as a result of esophagitis/GERD
-risk factor for esophagus cancer

24
Q

hiatal hernia

A

hernia where the upper stomach goes into the diaphragm/thorax

25
Q

hiatal hernia manifestations

A

similar to GERd

26
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

prevents the flow of chyme through the intestine

27
Q

simple intestinal obstruction

A

mechanical blockage (ex: tumor)

28
Q

functional intestinal obstruction

A

(ex: paralytic ileus) failed intestinal motility that usually results from abdominal surgery adhesion
-sometimes from pancreatitis, hypokalemia

29
Q

intestinal obstruction symptoms

A

sudden/severe colicky pain, nausea, vomiting, hypogastric pain, abdominal distention, no bowel sounds on auscultation

30
Q

T/F: acute and chronic gastritis are both from bacteria affecting the stomach lining

A

T

31
Q

gastritis

A

inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa (inside of the stomach)

32
Q

acute gastritis

A

from injury to the epithelial cells of the protective mucosal barrier>causes dysregulation of stomach acid
-common causes: aspirin, stress, NSAIDS (most common), alcohol

33
Q

chronic gastritis

A

ONLY from bacterial infection of helicobacter pylori (H. plyori)
-breaks down mucosa and allows bacteria to colonize

34
Q

gastritis symptoms

A

vauge: anorexia, feelings of fullness, nausea, vomiting, epigastric (upper stomach) pain

35
Q

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

area of mucosal inflammation/ulceration
-acute or chronic, superficial or very deep
-3 categories: duodenal, gastric, stress
-stomach/duodenum or esophagus

36
Q

PUD causes

A

causes: excess gastric acid, disruption of the protective barrier, H. pylori infection

37
Q

duodenal ulcers

A

most common PUD case: characterized by pain in epigastric area RELIEVED by food or antacids

38
Q

duodenal ulcer causes

A

H. pylori infection, smoking, NSAIDs

39
Q

duodenal ulcer manifestations

A

pain on an empty stomach

40
Q

gastric/chronic ulcer

A

develops in the acid-secreting part of the mucosa in the body, no pain on an empty stomach

41
Q

gastric/chronic ulcer manifestations

A

food causes pain/pain after eating

42
Q

stress mucosal disease/peptic ulcers

A

acute peptic ulcer from severe illnesses or traumas/ischemia
-within hours of trauma, burns, hemorrhage, heart failure, sepsis/shock

43
Q

PUD treatment/surgery

A

needed when ulcers are recurrent and have uncontrolled bleeding, or with perforation of the stomach/duodenum
-can cause iron-deficient anemia

44
Q

T/F: crohns disease and ulcerative colitis are from an inflamed colon

A

F
-chrons: mouth>anus, GI tract
-ulcerative colitis: mouth>only rectum/colon

45
Q

inflammatory bowel disorders (NOT IBS)

A

ulcerative colitis+crohns disease:
-chronic and relapsing
-from genetics, environment, altered epithelial barrier, altered immune reactions

46
Q

ulcerative colitis/symptoms/causes

A

ulceration of the colon mucosa: starts in rectum and can extend to the sigmoid colon
-causes: genetic, environmental
-manifestations: 10-20 day diarrhea, bloody stool, cramping, risk for colon cancer

47
Q

crohns disease/manifestations

A

colitis, ileocolitis, or entire GI system inflammation- “skip lesions”
-manifestations: same as ulcerative colitis, B12-folic acid deficient anemia from malabsorption

48
Q

IBS

A

no identifiable pathology: disorder of the brain-gut interaction with recurrent abdominal pain/altered bowel movement
-manifestations: common in males, bloody stool, inflammation diarrhea, constipation, food intolerances, bloating
-no cure

49
Q

diverticular colon disease

A

diverticula, diverticulosis, diverticulitis
-can happen anywhere in the GI tract
-manifestations: abscesses, GI bleeding, obstructions, perforation, usually shows as asymptomatic

50
Q

diverticula

A

colon hernia through the muscle layers of the colon wall/sigmoid colon

51
Q

diverticulosis

A

asymptomatic colon hernia

52
Q

diverticulitis

A

the inflammatory stage of diverticulosis

53
Q
A

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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