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Pathophysiology > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

overall manifestations of GI dysfunction

A

anorexia, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bleeding

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2
Q

retching

A

non-productive vomiting

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3
Q

primary constipation

A

from slow transit, pelvic floor dysfunction

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4
Q

secondary constipation

A

from diet, meds, disorders, aging, bad fiber intake

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5
Q

constipation manifestations

A

straining feeling, hard stool, incomplete emptying, <3 bowel movements/week

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6
Q

large-volume diarrhea cause

A

from excessive water and secretions in the intestines

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7
Q

small-volume diarrhea

A

excessive intestinal motility, no increase in volume of stool

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8
Q

exudative diarrhea/causes

A

contains mucus, proteins
causes: mood, inflammatory process

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9
Q

abdominal pain

A

usually from tissue injury/inflammation
types: visceral (from organs), referred, parietal

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10
Q

upper GI bleeding

A

esophagus, stomach, duodenum

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11
Q

lower GI bleeding

A

jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum

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12
Q

occult GI bleeding

A

bleeding that is not visible

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13
Q

hematochezia

A

bright red stool

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14
Q

melena

A

black stool

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15
Q

dysphagia/causes

A

difficulty/inability to swallow
causes: obstructions (ex: tumors), functional disorders (ex: GERD)

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16
Q

achalasia

A

causes dysphagia from lost neurons in the esophagus

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17
Q

dysphagia manifestations

A

pain, discomfort, regurgitation, vomiting, weight loss, aspiration

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18
Q

acid reflux happens when the valve between the stomach and esophagus
a) never closes
b) doesn’t open or close
c) relaxes at the wrong time
d) doesn’t close tightly enough
e) never opens

A

C, D

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19
Q

GERD

A

acid (chyme) reflux from the stomach that causes esophagitis
-low tone of the lower esophageal sphincter

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20
Q

GERD causes

A

abdominal pressure, delayed gastric emptying

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21
Q

GERD manifestations

A

heartburn from acid reflux, aspiration, dysphagia, cough, asthma, laryngitis, abdominal pain with eating

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22
Q

GERD treatment

23
Q

barrett esophagus

A

from metaplasia: when SCE replaces SSE in the esophagus as a result of esophagitis/GERD
-risk factor for esophagus cancer

24
Q

hiatal hernia

A

hernia where the upper stomach goes into the diaphragm/thorax

25
hiatal hernia manifestations
similar to GERd
26
intestinal obstruction
prevents the flow of chyme through the intestine
27
simple intestinal obstruction
mechanical blockage (ex: tumor)
28
functional intestinal obstruction
(ex: paralytic ileus) failed intestinal motility that usually results from abdominal surgery adhesion -sometimes from pancreatitis, hypokalemia
29
intestinal obstruction symptoms
sudden/severe colicky pain, nausea, vomiting, hypogastric pain, abdominal distention, no bowel sounds on auscultation
30
T/F: acute and chronic gastritis are both from bacteria affecting the stomach lining
T
31
gastritis
inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa (inside of the stomach)
32
acute gastritis
from injury to the epithelial cells of the protective mucosal barrier>causes dysregulation of stomach acid -common causes: aspirin, stress, NSAIDS (most common), alcohol
33
chronic gastritis
ONLY from bacterial infection of helicobacter pylori (H. plyori) -breaks down mucosa and allows bacteria to colonize
34
gastritis symptoms
vauge: anorexia, feelings of fullness, nausea, vomiting, epigastric (upper stomach) pain
35
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
area of mucosal inflammation/ulceration -acute or chronic, superficial or very deep -3 categories: duodenal, gastric, stress -stomach/duodenum or esophagus
36
PUD causes
causes: excess gastric acid, disruption of the protective barrier, H. pylori infection
37
duodenal ulcers
most common PUD case: characterized by pain in epigastric area RELIEVED by food or antacids
38
duodenal ulcer causes
H. pylori infection, smoking, NSAIDs
39
duodenal ulcer manifestations
pain on an empty stomach
40
gastric/chronic ulcer
develops in the acid-secreting part of the mucosa in the body, no pain on an empty stomach
41
gastric/chronic ulcer manifestations
food causes pain/pain after eating
42
stress mucosal disease/peptic ulcers
acute peptic ulcer from severe illnesses or traumas/ischemia -within hours of trauma, burns, hemorrhage, heart failure, sepsis/shock
43
PUD treatment/surgery
needed when ulcers are recurrent and have uncontrolled bleeding, or with perforation of the stomach/duodenum -can cause iron-deficient anemia
44
T/F: crohns disease and ulcerative colitis are from an inflamed colon
F -chrons: mouth>anus, GI tract -ulcerative colitis: mouth>only rectum/colon
45
inflammatory bowel disorders (NOT IBS)
ulcerative colitis+crohns disease: -chronic and relapsing -from genetics, environment, altered epithelial barrier, altered immune reactions
46
ulcerative colitis/symptoms/causes
ulceration of the colon mucosa: starts in rectum and can extend to the sigmoid colon -causes: genetic, environmental -manifestations: 10-20 day diarrhea, bloody stool, cramping, risk for colon cancer
47
crohns disease/manifestations
colitis, ileocolitis, or entire GI system inflammation- "skip lesions" -manifestations: same as ulcerative colitis, B12-folic acid deficient anemia from malabsorption
48
IBS
no identifiable pathology: disorder of the brain-gut interaction with recurrent abdominal pain/altered bowel movement -manifestations: common in males, bloody stool, inflammation diarrhea, constipation, food intolerances, bloating -no cure
49
diverticular colon disease
diverticula, diverticulosis, diverticulitis -can happen anywhere in the GI tract -manifestations: abscesses, GI bleeding, obstructions, perforation, usually shows as asymptomatic
50
diverticula
colon hernia through the muscle layers of the colon wall/sigmoid colon
51
diverticulosis
asymptomatic colon hernia
52
diverticulitis
the inflammatory stage of diverticulosis
53

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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