Innante And Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Describe the cellular components of the innate immune system
Macrophage and monocytes - phagocytes and antigen presenting to lymphocytes. Phagocytosis is enhanced by the coating of antibodies or complement to render it recognisinle as foreign (opsonaisation)
Neutrophils - phagocytoic and antibacterial
Eosinophils - anti-parasite and allergic response
Basophils and mast cells - allergic response
Natural killer cells - recognise and kill abnormal cells
Describe the humeral components of the innate immune system
Transferin and lactoferin - deprive microorganisms of iron
Interferons - inhibit viral replication
Lysozome - breaks down peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls
Firbronectin - opsonise bacteria and promotes their phagocytosis
Complement - cause destruction of micoorganisms directly or with the help of phagocytic cells
TNF alpha - supresses viral replication and activates phagocytes
Describe the humeral components of the adaptive immune system
Cytokines - promote the differentiation and proliferation of lymphocytes
Perforin - released by killer T cells -> destroys cell walls
Antibodies - protect host neutralaisation (prevents binding to epithelia) opsonaisation and complement activation
Describe the cellular components of the adaptive immune system
T helper - become activated when Co4 binds to a specefic sntigen on the MHC/ antigen complex of an APC once activated it clones itself to form active t helper and t memory cells
T killer - releases perforin when cell is already infected
B-cells divide to form plasma cells and memory cells release cytokines plasma cells peoduce specefic immunoglobulin for non-self antigen
Describe the innate immune system
Present from birth Non-specefic Not enhanced by secondary exposure No memory Poorly effective without adaptive
Describe the adaptive immune system
Arises from exposure Specefic pathogen immunity Enhanced by 2nd exposure Aquires memory Poorly effectuve without innate
Describe the cooperation between the innate and adaptive immune systems
The innate immune response is quicker but the adaptive lasts much longer
Describe methods to clear surface epithelia of pathogens
Rapid epithelial regeneration Blinking Flow of tears Ear wax Nasal hairs Coughing Sneezing Mucocillary escalator Vomiting Digestive enzy mes Regular urine
Describe ways surface epithelia block the entry of microorganisms
Mechanical, selectively permeable barrier
Produce natural antibiotics
Motile cillia
Rapidly renewable
Produce cytokines (proteins that alter the behavior of other cells)
Produce chemokines ( which attract other cells)
May produce mucins
Transport antibodies from body to surface esp. Immunoglobulin A
Describe the immune response
Pathogen with non self proteins damages epithelium trying to break through the barrier
Epithelial cells activated upon contact with microorganism
Cytokines and chemokines made by activated epithelia cells
What do inflammatory mediators promote?
Increase vascular permeability which…
- increases fluid leakage from vessels
- extravasation of ab & complement at site of infection
- increased migration of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes
- increased microbicidal activity of macrophages and neutrophils
