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TOb > Glandular Tissue And Secretion > Flashcards

Glandular Tissue And Secretion Flashcards

0
Q

Define exocrine gland

A

With duct

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1
Q

Define gland

A

An epithelial cell specialised for secretion

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2
Q

Define endocrine gland

A

Ductless, secrete directly into blood

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3
Q

Define merocrine secretion

A

By exocytosis

1) membrane bound compartment migrates to surface
2) fuses with membrane
3) contents released into extra cellular space

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4
Q

Define apocrine secretion

A

Non,embrace bound e.g. Lipid approaches surface
Makes contact and pushes up apical membrane
Thin layer of apical cytoplasm drapes around droplet
Membrane surrounding droplet pinches off from cell
Plasma membrane transiently smaller

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5
Q

Describe holocrine secretion

A

Disintegration of the cell
Release contents
Discharge of whole cell

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6
Q

Describe the mechanism of endocytosis

A

1) engulf material from outside cell
2) pinch off part of membrane to form a vesicle
3) membrane bound within the cell

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7
Q

How to endo and expcytosis allow trans epithelial transport?

A

Material endocytosed at one surface
Transport vesicles shuttles across cytoplasm via microtubules
Material exocytosed st opposite surface

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8
Q

Describe the structure of the golgi

A

Stack of disc shaped cisternae
One end of discs flattened, the other concave
Discs have swellings at edges

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9
Q

Describe function of the golgi

A

Transport tbrough sequential golgi cisternae
Packaging kf sorted contents through condensation
Glycosolation of proteins and lipids

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10
Q

Where is the destination of products from the golgi?

A

In secretory vesicles some retained in cell for jse e.g. Lysosome others enter plasma membrane (glycolyx)

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11
Q

Why is the golgi important?

A

Branching sugars offer complex shapes for specefic interactions
Destruction of this layer bu enzymes alters many specificity based properties of cells e.g. Adhesion, mobility, communication

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12
Q

Describe role of secretion in cell functions

A

?

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13
Q

Describe nervous control of secretion

A

Sympathetic nervous stimulation of adrenal medullary cells leads to release of adrenaline

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14
Q

Describe endocrine control of secretion

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulates coretex of adrenal gland to release cortisol

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15
Q

Describe neuro-endocrine control of secretion

A

Nervous cells of hypothalamus control acth secretion from anterior pituatory

16
Q

Describe negative feedback secretion control

A

Inhibitory effect of high t3/t4 levels on tsh synthesis in anterior pituatary

17
Q

How are the majority of glands derivatives of epithelial tissues?

A

Were surface epithelia that have specialised to particular function, epithelial cells proliferate and leave surface to invade underlying connective tissue where basal lamina surrounds newly formed gland

18
Q

What is the difference between endo and exocrine glands?

A

Exo into duct, endo into vascular (blood) or lymphatic system

19
Q

What is the difference between simple and compund glands?

A

Simple dont branch, compound do

20
Q

Describe the shape of acinar and tubular glands

A

Acinar - alveolar bubbles

Tubular - tube like

21
Q

Describe the difference between serous and mucousal glands

A

Serous - watery secretionx free of mucus (enzymes)

Mucous - mucous rich mucins (dont stain well)

22
Q

Describe goblet cells in jejunum

A

Goblet cells interspersed with simple columnar
Synthesise mucus and secrete it onto elithelial surface where it lubricates and acts as a protective barrier
Narrow stalk attaches swollen, mucous rich upper part if each goblet cell to basement membrane

23
Q

Desfibe goblet cells large intestine

A

Crypts of liberkhun - simple tubular lined by water absorbative collumnar cells and mucus secreting goblet cells
As water is absorbed from gut mucus allows adherence of solid waste into a compact mass and also protects the epithelium from trauma

24
Q

Describe the parotid gland

A

Serous exocrine
Below and infront of each ear inpairs
Adipose tissue develops with age
Septa radiate from the outer collagenous capsule subdividing the glandular tissue jnto lobules
Glandular tissue consists of serous acini and ducts
Saliva from parotid contains lots of salivary amylase and the antibody IgA which inactivates antigens in oral cavity
Capsule of collagen surrounds the whole gland
Saliva passes along striated duct

25
Q

Describe the submandibular gland

A

Salivary gland either side of neck, below mandible
Compound tubuloacinar
Serous cells produce enzymes stored as zymohen

26
Q

Explain the location of myoepithelial cells

A

Glandular epithelium above basement membrane

Sweat, mammary, lacrinal and salivary glands

27
Q

Explain the function of myoepithelial cells

A

Contract in order to facilitate transport of luminal contents towards the duct

28
Q

Describe the thyroid gland

A

In neck
Numrous follicles lined with simple cuboidal
Colloid within follicle is a glycoprotein complex called thyroglobulin which incorporates thyroid hormones before release
Numerous blood vessels form a fine reticular network between closely opposed follicles

29
Q

Describe the parathyroid gland

A

Usually 4, ovoid, posterior wall of thyroid
Composed of masses and cords of epithelial cells supported by reticular fibres
Close association with capillary network
Oxyphil cells - unkown function
Chief cells- produce parathyroid hormones

30
Q

What is the function of pth

A

Stimulates osteoclast bone resorption
Reduces renal calcium loss
Promotes calcium uptake in gut by regulating vit d

31
Q

Describe the layers of the adrenal gland and their function

A

Zona glomerulosa - secrete mineralocorticoids e.g. Aldoesterone (regulates bp)
Zona fasiculata - secretes glucocorticoids - cortisol (stress response)
Zona reticularis - androgens
Medulla - catecholamines e.g. Adrenaline, noradrenaline

32
Q

Describe endocrine pancreas

A

Islets of langerhan - round pale staining

alpha - glucagon, beta - insulin, delta - somostatin (ghinhibiting)

33
Q

Describe exocrine pancreas

A

Acini - closely packed with basal nuclei
Lots RER
apical filled with pink zymogen granules - lots digestive enzymes and pro enzymes -> duodenum

TOb (16 decks)

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