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Pediatrics > Injuries & Poisoning > Flashcards

Injuries & Poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading cause of death & disability among children & young adults?

A

Trauma

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2
Q

When does unintentional injury deaths peak?

A

Ages 1-4

Ages 15-24

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3
Q

What is leading cause of unintentional injury?

A

Falls

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4
Q

Prevention of Motor Vehicle Injuries

A 
Safe driving habits
Driver's education
Safer cars
Safer roads
Restraints
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5
Q

What ages/weight needs to be in a rear-facing safety seat?

A

Infants

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6
Q

What ages/weight needs to be in a forward facing seat?

A

Ages 1-4

20-40 pounds

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7
Q

What ages need to be in a booster seat?

A

4-6 years

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8
Q

Prevention of Submersion Injuries

A 
Supervision near water
Fence unguarded pools with self-closing gates
Swimming lessons for school-age children
Diving Safety
Life jackets
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9
Q

Risks for Burns

A 
House fires
Scalding burns
Electrical burns
Contact burns
Clothes iron
Curling iron
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10
Q

Prevention of Falls

A 
Barriers
Pointed corners
Sharp edges
Close doors 
Inaccessible windows
Bars on apartment patios
No infant walkers
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11
Q

Prevention of Pedestrian Injuries

A 
Look both ways
Walk on side-walks
Walk against flow of traffic
Adequate lighting
Guardian supervision
Observe/enforce speed limit
Observe/enforce traffic signs/lights
School bus stops away from high traffic areas
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12
Q

Bicycle Injuries

A

Head trauma

Deaths involve crash with motor vehicles

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13
Q

Prevention of Bicycle Injuries

A

Bicycle helmets
Bicycling safety education
Bike paths versus shoulder of the road

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14
Q

Prevention of Foreign Bodies or Choking

A

Age-appropriate toys
Food preparation
Liquid medications
Small objects out of reach

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15
Q

Toy-Related Injuries

A 
Aspiration & ingestion dangers
Burns & electric shock
Lacerations
Projectile injuries
Skateboards, rollerblades, other high speed devices
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16
Q

Most Common Sports Injuries

A

Sprains
Strains
Contusions
Re-injury

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17
Q

Types of life-threatening injuries

A

Severe head/neck injury
Cardiac/respiratory arrest
Severe hemorrhage or shock
Heat stroke

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18
Q

Ages & Types of Fractures

A

Younger- upper extremities

Older- lower extremities

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19
Q

Major Cause of Pediatric Trauma

A

Large heads
Thin skulls
Poor muscle control

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20
Q

Possibility of Serious Injury

A

Altered mental status
Inappropriate behavior
Significant MOA
Poor systemic perfusion

21
Q

Neuroimaging Recommended in Head Trauma

A

LOC > 1 min
Evidence of skull fracture
Focal neurologic findings

22
Q

Signs of Increased Likelihood of Intracranial Injury

A

Immediate seizures
Headache
Vomiting
Lethargy

23
Q

Signs of Elevated ICP

A 
AVPU
Pupils
Vomiting
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Apnea
24
Q

What to do for a Head Trauma

A

Monitor for signs of elevated ICP
Controlled hyperventilation if increased ICP
Resuscitate hypovolemic shock aggressively

25
Q

Define Concussion

A

Symptomatic head injury with no intracranial injury identified with CT
“Mild TBI”

26
Q

Presentation of Concussion

A 
Headache
Confusion & disorientation
Difficulties with memory
Inattentiveness
Dizziness
Slow incoherent speech
Stumble/fall
Inappropriate emotion
27
Q

Concussion Management

A 
Physical/cognitive rest
Assessment for concomitant injuries
Meds for headache & nausea
Gradual return to activity
Return to play after patient is asymptomatic
28
Q

Common Causes of Poisoning

A 
Cosmetics
Personal care products
Cleaning substances
Analgesics
Plants
Cough/cold remedies
29
Q

Risks of Ingestion of Poisoning

A

Improper/dangerous storage practices
Changes in home routines
Visiting friends/relatives

30
Q

Dangerous Prescription Drugs in Poisonings

A 
Antidepressants
Sedatives
Antipsychotics
Stimulants
Illicit drugs
Cardiac drugs
31
Q

How long until you should check a serum acetaminophen level?

A

4 hours after ingestion

32
Q

Stages of Acetaminophen Overdose

A

Stage 1: first 24 hours
Stage 2: 2-3 days
Stage 3: 3-4 days
Stage 4: patients who survive stage 3

33
Q

Signs/symptoms of Stage 1 in Acetaminophen Overdose

A 
Toxicity
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Pallor
Malaise
34
Q

Signs/symptoms of Stage 2 in Acetaminophen Overdose

A

Hepatotoxicity
RUQ pain & tenderness
Elevated LFTs & bilirubin

35
Q

Signs/symptoms of Stage 3 in Acetaminophen Overdose

A 
Fulminant hepatic failure
Metabolic acidosis
Coagulopathy
Renal failure
Encephalopathy
Recurrent GI symptoms
36
Q

What works to counteract hepatic toxicity?

A

N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

37
Q

Intervention of Acetaminophen Overdose

A

GI decontamination with activated charcoal
N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Supportive care
No syrup of Ipecac

38
Q

Presentation of Aspirin Overdose

A 
Tinnitus
Vomiting
Hyperpnea
Fever
Lethargy
Confusion
Convulsions
Coma
Respiratory/cardiac failure
39
Q

Diagnosis of Aspirin Overdose

A

Plasma salicylate concentrations

40
Q

Treatment of Aspirin Overdose

A

Activated charcoal
Alkalization with IV bicarbonate
Dialysis

41
Q

Iron is toxic to which systems?

A

GI system
Cardiovascular system
CNS

42
Q

What will iron overdose cause?

A

Metabolic acidosis

43
Q

Presentation of Iron Overdose

A 
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
GI bleed
Diarrhea
Circulatory shock
44
Q

Diagnosis of Iron Overdose

A

Abdominal x-ray

Serum iron concentrations

45
Q

Treatment of an Iron Overdose

A

Whole-bowel irrigation

Deferoxamine IV

46
Q

Where can lead poisoning come from?

A

Paint/paint chip ingestion
Contaminated household dusts in old home
Living near lead smelter
Lead-contaminated soils

47
Q

Presentation of Lead Poisoning

A 
Weakness
Irritability
Weight loss
Vomiting
Personality changes
Ataxia
Constipation
Headache
Colicky abdominal pain
Developmental delay
Behavioral disorders
Seizures
Peripheral neuropathy
Anemia
48
Q

Treatment of Lead Poisoning

A

Interrupt ingestion

Chelation therapy with Succimer

Pediatrics (23 decks)

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