Injuries & Poisoning Flashcards
What is the leading cause of death & disability among children & young adults?
Trauma
When does unintentional injury deaths peak?
Ages 1-4
Ages 15-24
What is leading cause of unintentional injury?
Falls
Prevention of Motor Vehicle Injuries
Safe driving habits Driver's education Safer cars Safer roads Restraints
What ages/weight needs to be in a rear-facing safety seat?
Infants
What ages/weight needs to be in a forward facing seat?
Ages 1-4
20-40 pounds
What ages need to be in a booster seat?
4-6 years
Prevention of Submersion Injuries
Supervision near water Fence unguarded pools with self-closing gates Swimming lessons for school-age children Diving Safety Life jackets
Risks for Burns
House fires Scalding burns Electrical burns Contact burns Clothes iron Curling iron
Prevention of Falls
Barriers Pointed corners Sharp edges Close doors Inaccessible windows Bars on apartment patios No infant walkers
Prevention of Pedestrian Injuries
Look both ways Walk on side-walks Walk against flow of traffic Adequate lighting Guardian supervision Observe/enforce speed limit Observe/enforce traffic signs/lights School bus stops away from high traffic areas
Bicycle Injuries
Head trauma
Deaths involve crash with motor vehicles
Prevention of Bicycle Injuries
Bicycle helmets
Bicycling safety education
Bike paths versus shoulder of the road
Prevention of Foreign Bodies or Choking
Age-appropriate toys
Food preparation
Liquid medications
Small objects out of reach
Toy-Related Injuries
Aspiration & ingestion dangers Burns & electric shock Lacerations Projectile injuries Skateboards, rollerblades, other high speed devices
Most Common Sports Injuries
Sprains
Strains
Contusions
Re-injury
Types of life-threatening injuries
Severe head/neck injury
Cardiac/respiratory arrest
Severe hemorrhage or shock
Heat stroke
Ages & Types of Fractures
Younger- upper extremities
Older- lower extremities
Major Cause of Pediatric Trauma
Large heads
Thin skulls
Poor muscle control
Possibility of Serious Injury
Altered mental status
Inappropriate behavior
Significant MOA
Poor systemic perfusion
Neuroimaging Recommended in Head Trauma
LOC > 1 min
Evidence of skull fracture
Focal neurologic findings
Signs of Increased Likelihood of Intracranial Injury
Immediate seizures
Headache
Vomiting
Lethargy
Signs of Elevated ICP
AVPU Pupils Vomiting Hypertension Bradycardia Apnea
What to do for a Head Trauma
Monitor for signs of elevated ICP
Controlled hyperventilation if increased ICP
Resuscitate hypovolemic shock aggressively