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Pediatrics > Injuries & Poisoning > Flashcards

Injuries & Poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading cause of death & disability among children & young adults?

A

Trauma

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2
Q

When does unintentional injury deaths peak?

A

Ages 1-4

Ages 15-24

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3
Q

What is leading cause of unintentional injury?

A

Falls

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4
Q

Prevention of Motor Vehicle Injuries

A 
Safe driving habits
Driver's education
Safer cars
Safer roads
Restraints
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5
Q

What ages/weight needs to be in a rear-facing safety seat?

A

Infants

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6
Q

What ages/weight needs to be in a forward facing seat?

A

Ages 1-4

20-40 pounds

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7
Q

What ages need to be in a booster seat?

A

4-6 years

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8
Q

Prevention of Submersion Injuries

A 
Supervision near water
Fence unguarded pools with self-closing gates
Swimming lessons for school-age children
Diving Safety
Life jackets
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9
Q

Risks for Burns

A 
House fires
Scalding burns
Electrical burns
Contact burns
Clothes iron
Curling iron
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10
Q

Prevention of Falls

A 
Barriers
Pointed corners
Sharp edges
Close doors 
Inaccessible windows
Bars on apartment patios
No infant walkers
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11
Q

Prevention of Pedestrian Injuries

A 
Look both ways
Walk on side-walks
Walk against flow of traffic
Adequate lighting
Guardian supervision
Observe/enforce speed limit
Observe/enforce traffic signs/lights
School bus stops away from high traffic areas
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12
Q

Bicycle Injuries

A

Head trauma

Deaths involve crash with motor vehicles

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13
Q

Prevention of Bicycle Injuries

A

Bicycle helmets
Bicycling safety education
Bike paths versus shoulder of the road

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14
Q

Prevention of Foreign Bodies or Choking

A

Age-appropriate toys
Food preparation
Liquid medications
Small objects out of reach

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15
Q

Toy-Related Injuries

A 
Aspiration & ingestion dangers
Burns & electric shock
Lacerations
Projectile injuries
Skateboards, rollerblades, other high speed devices
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16
Q

Most Common Sports Injuries

A

Sprains
Strains
Contusions
Re-injury

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17
Q

Types of life-threatening injuries

A

Severe head/neck injury
Cardiac/respiratory arrest
Severe hemorrhage or shock
Heat stroke

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18
Q

Ages & Types of Fractures

A

Younger- upper extremities

Older- lower extremities

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19
Q

Major Cause of Pediatric Trauma

A

Large heads
Thin skulls
Poor muscle control

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20
Q

Possibility of Serious Injury

A

Altered mental status
Inappropriate behavior
Significant MOA
Poor systemic perfusion

21
Q

Neuroimaging Recommended in Head Trauma

A

LOC > 1 min
Evidence of skull fracture
Focal neurologic findings

22
Q

Signs of Increased Likelihood of Intracranial Injury

A

Immediate seizures
Headache
Vomiting
Lethargy

23
Q

Signs of Elevated ICP

A 
AVPU
Pupils
Vomiting
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Apnea
24
Q

What to do for a Head Trauma

A

Monitor for signs of elevated ICP
Controlled hyperventilation if increased ICP
Resuscitate hypovolemic shock aggressively

25
Define Concussion
Symptomatic head injury with no intracranial injury identified with CT "Mild TBI"
26
Presentation of Concussion
``` Headache Confusion & disorientation Difficulties with memory Inattentiveness Dizziness Slow incoherent speech Stumble/fall Inappropriate emotion ```
27
Concussion Management
``` Physical/cognitive rest Assessment for concomitant injuries Meds for headache & nausea Gradual return to activity Return to play after patient is asymptomatic ```
28
Common Causes of Poisoning
``` Cosmetics Personal care products Cleaning substances Analgesics Plants Cough/cold remedies ```
29
Risks of Ingestion of Poisoning
Improper/dangerous storage practices Changes in home routines Visiting friends/relatives
30
Dangerous Prescription Drugs in Poisonings
``` Antidepressants Sedatives Antipsychotics Stimulants Illicit drugs Cardiac drugs ```
31
How long until you should check a serum acetaminophen level?
4 hours after ingestion
32
Stages of Acetaminophen Overdose
Stage 1: first 24 hours Stage 2: 2-3 days Stage 3: 3-4 days Stage 4: patients who survive stage 3
33
Signs/symptoms of Stage 1 in Acetaminophen Overdose
``` Toxicity Anorexia Nausea Vomiting Pallor Malaise ```
34
Signs/symptoms of Stage 2 in Acetaminophen Overdose
Hepatotoxicity RUQ pain & tenderness Elevated LFTs & bilirubin
35
Signs/symptoms of Stage 3 in Acetaminophen Overdose
``` Fulminant hepatic failure Metabolic acidosis Coagulopathy Renal failure Encephalopathy Recurrent GI symptoms ```
36
What works to counteract hepatic toxicity?
N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
37
Intervention of Acetaminophen Overdose
GI decontamination with activated charcoal N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Supportive care No syrup of Ipecac
38
Presentation of Aspirin Overdose
``` Tinnitus Vomiting Hyperpnea Fever Lethargy Confusion Convulsions Coma Respiratory/cardiac failure ```
39
Diagnosis of Aspirin Overdose
Plasma salicylate concentrations
40
Treatment of Aspirin Overdose
Activated charcoal Alkalization with IV bicarbonate Dialysis
41
Iron is toxic to which systems?
GI system Cardiovascular system CNS
42
What will iron overdose cause?
Metabolic acidosis
43
Presentation of Iron Overdose
``` Vomiting Abdominal pain GI bleed Diarrhea Circulatory shock ```
44
Diagnosis of Iron Overdose
Abdominal x-ray | Serum iron concentrations
45
Treatment of an Iron Overdose
Whole-bowel irrigation | Deferoxamine IV
46
Where can lead poisoning come from?
Paint/paint chip ingestion Contaminated household dusts in old home Living near lead smelter Lead-contaminated soils
47
Presentation of Lead Poisoning
``` Weakness Irritability Weight loss Vomiting Personality changes Ataxia Constipation Headache Colicky abdominal pain Developmental delay Behavioral disorders Seizures Peripheral neuropathy Anemia ```
48
Treatment of Lead Poisoning
Interrupt ingestion | Chelation therapy with Succimer

Pediatrics (23 decks)

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